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[[Circumcision]] is performed in many ways which vary by culture, the person performing it, and the age of the subject. It may be performed by a specialized ritual circumciser in a non-medical setting, or a medical practitioner at a hospital or clinic. In some cultures, only the protruding end of the [[foreskin]] is cut off, and in others, the entire foreskin which covers the [[glans]] is removed. Some circumcisers take more [[skin]] than others, resulting in a "loose" or "tight" circumcision.
Generally, the [[foreskin ]] is pulled forward and enough of it is removed to permanently expose the [[glans ]] of the [[penis]]. Sometimes a protective device is used to avoid hurting the glans, and sometimes the circumciser simply performs the procedure freehand. In adults, stitches are used to stop the [[bleeding]] and help close the wound. In infants, circumcisers often use a clamp that crushes the foreskin and seals the wound, eliminating the need for stitches.
== Circumcision in detail: Styles, techniques and instruments ==
[[File:Circumpendium-6-2-2-Smartclamp.jpg|center|thumb|Smartclamp]]
The Smartclamp and a couple of similar designs are one way clamps, representing a mixture of the [[Gomco]] and [[Plastibell]] methods. The [[Glans penis|glans]] is inserted into the plastic tube, the [[foreskin]] pulled over it. The base plate of the outer clamping mechanism is pushed over the [[foreskin]] and cocked shut, jamming the [[foreskin]] between the bulging lower rim of the tube and the lower base plate. The [[foreskin]] is now cut off along the upper side of the base plate. The entire clamping mechanism remains on the [[penis]], until it - — like the [[Plastibell]] - — falls off by itself after the clamped [[skin]] dies off in the following days.
All of these methods have in common that the [[foreskin]] has to be separated from the [[Glans penis|glans]] first. In case of the circumcision of a child, it is in most cases (see chart above) necessary to forcibly tear apart the [[synechia| balanopreputial membrane]], which fuses the [[foreskin]] to the [[Glans penis|glans]], either by violently retracting the [[foreskin]] or separating it by pushing a blunt instrument underneath the [[foreskin]], both of which can result in injuries and inflammations of the [[Glans penis|glans]].
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Pain]]
* [[Trauma]]
{{REF}}
[[Category:Body modification]]
[[Category:Education]]
[[Category:Genital cutting]]
[[Category:Genital surgery]]
[[Category:Trauma]]
[[de:Beschneidungsmethoden]]