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wikify shock
Over time, a vast variety of methods has been developed to remove the [[foreskin]]. A multitude of clamps and tools is available to ease the work of the circumciser, to improve the chance for visually symmetrical results and to prevent injuries to the [[Glans penis|glans]] from inexpert cuts. I will introduce some of the most widely spread variants.
====Restraint====
When an infant boy is to be circumcised, it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the [[Pain| painful]] surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board specially made for that purpose. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the trauma-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable."<ref name="vanderkolk2014">{{REFbook
|last=van der Kolk
|first=Bessel