Changes

This article wants to offer a comprehensive overview of risks which can occur by undergoing a [[circumcision]]. This page is a landing page for those who want to find a quick overview about [[circumcision ]] risks. Chances are that information given here is shown in more detail in other IntactiWiki articles. Please bear in mind that infants are not born with a diseased [[penis]] that requires surgery. There are no medical indications for infant circumcision and few in later life. Infant circumcision is a medically-unnecssary, non-therapeutic amputation of functional tissue that does not treat or prevent disease. It has risks and complications but no upside benefit.

* Loss of [[Foreskin sensitivity| sensation]]* [[Financial incentive| Loss of money for a medically not indicated surgery]]

* [[Amputation ]] of the [[penis]]* [[Amputation ]] of the [[glans]]* [http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/wilson1/ Amputation of excess skin or denudation]* [http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/bradley/ Burn of the penis after usage of electrocauterelectrocautery]* [[Shock ]] or coma due to the extreme [[pain ]] (newborn circumcision)

:* [http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/woodside2/ Infection]

* [http://www.circumstitions.com/Restric/Botched1sb.html Adhesions between the shaft and the glans]

* Deformation of the [[penis]]

* Excessive [[foreskin ]] removed (leads to deformation)* [Fistulas]

* [http://www.cirp.org/library/death/sauer1/ Infection]

* [http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/brennemann1/ Meatitis]* [[Necrosis ]] of the penis

* [[http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/blalock1/ Phimosis]]* [[Erection| Pain in erected state of the penis]]

* [http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/stinson/ Sexual dysfunction]

* [[Sudden Infant Death Syndrome]]<ref>{{REFweb

* UretritisUrethritus

* [[PTSD]] due to newborn [[trauma]]* [http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/fitzgerald2/ Brain damage due to the extreme pain ] (newborn circumcision without effective anesthesia)

* [https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10315/7941/KAT036.pdf?sequence=1&origin=publication_detail Lowered pain sensitivity threshold ](newborn circumcision)

* [[Suicide]]* Altered adult socio-affective processing<ref>{{REFjournal |url=https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/neonatal-male-circumcision-is-associated-with-altered-adult-socio |title=Neonatal male circumcision is associated with altered adult socio-affective processing |first=Alessandro |init=A |last=Miani |first2=Gian Antonio |init2=GA |last2=Di Bernardo |first3=Astrid Ditte |init3=AD |last3=Højgaard |first4=Brian D. |init4=BD |last4=Earp |author4-link=Brian D. Earp |first5=Paul J. |init5=PJ |last5=Zak |first6=Anne M. |init6=AM |last6=Landau |first7=Jørgen |init7=J |last7=Hoppe |first8=Michael |init8=M |last8=Winterdahl |journal=J Heliyon |volume=6 |issue=11 |article=e05566 |date=2020-11-20 |DOI=10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05566 |accessdate=2020-12-20}}</ref> == Statistical risks ==Out of 100 circumcised boys:<ref name="DrMomma2010">{{REFweb |url=http://www.drmomma.org/2010/01/cut-vs-intact-outcome-statistics.html |title=Intact vs. Circumcised Outcome Statistics |website=Dr. Momma |date=2010-01 |accessdate=2021-06-07}}</ref>* 75 will not readily breastfeed post-op.* 55 will have adverse reactions from the surgery.* 35 will have some degree of post-op hemorrhaging.* 31 will develop meatal ulcers.* 10 will need to have repeat circumcision surgery to fix surgical errors.* 8 will suffer infection at the surgical site.* 3 will develop post-operative [[phimosis]].* 2 will have more serious complications (seizure, heart attack, stroke, loss of [[penis]], [[death]]).* 1 will require additional immediate surgery and sutures to stop hemorrhage.* 1 will develop fibrosis.* 1 will be treated with antibiotics for a [[UTI]] (urinary tract infection). Of those who receive anesthesia before surgery, some will have adverse reactions to the pain medication. Out of 100 intact boys:<ref name="DrMomma2010"/>* 2 will be treated with antibiotics for a [[UTI]] (fewer if the [[foreskin]] is never forcibly retracted).* 1 will be told to get [[circumcised]] later in life for one reason or another (fewer if the foreskin is never forcibly retracted).

The [[AAP]] offers a coding newsletter for those who encode medical diagnoses in ICD codes. They offer a "[https://publications.aap.org/codingnews/article-abstract/12/9/3/27080/Subspecialty-Corner-Coding-for-Complications-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext Subspecialty Corner: Coding for Complications of Neonatal Circumcision]"<ref>{{REFjournal

In fact, of course, not all possible [[complication]] rates have the same frequency and therefore not the same relevance. It is necessary to collect statistics on which complications are serious. Basically, however, it should be noted that circumcision without a [[medical indication ]] is the most unnecessary complication in itself, with a '''100% rate'''.

The German Academy of Children and Youth Medicine (DAKJ) (2012) conducted an internet survey of medical practices and determined a serious complication rate of '''approx. 6% ''' based on the reported data.<ref>{{REFweb

}}</ref> Thorup ''et al.'' (2013) report that '''about 5.1% ''' of the recorded complications were significant complications.<ref>{{REFjournal

}}</ref> Zöller ''et al.'' (2014) analyzed patient data in a retrospective and find that '''the complication rate after male circumcision is relevant'''.<ref>{{REFjournal

Patel (1966) reported a complication rate of '''55 percent %''' in a series at [https://kingstonhsc.ca/ Kingston General Hospital ] in Ontariɔ.<refname="patel1966">

|publisher={{UNI|Stanford University|SU}}

[[Category:Circumcision risksrisk]][[Category:Complication]]