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Mutilating the genitals of others has a deep sexual motive. This motive combined with the urge to control people when, in the nineteenth century, doctors first introduced "medicalised" circumcision in the vain attempt to prevent masturbation.<ref>Moses MJ. The value of circumcision as a hygienic and therapeutic measure. New York Medical Journal 1871;14:368-74.</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Spratling EJ |first=E. J. |author-link=E. J. Spratling |title=Masturbation in the adult. |journal=Medical Record |date=1895; |volume=24: |pages=442-3.443}}</ref>