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One of the risks [[Circumcision]] of male infants invariably is a non-beneficial, non-therapeutic [[circumcisionamputation]] in either sex, at any age, is deathof a functional structure. It does not treat disease because none is difficult to obtain accurate estimates of the deaths caused by circumcision because hospitals are not required to release this datapresent, doctors often purposefully attribute the death to a secondary cause, such as nor does it improve health.<ref name="hemorrhaging,racp2010" or >{{REFdocument |title=Circumcision of Infant Males |url=https://www.racp.edu.au//docs/default-source/advocacy-library/circumcision-of-infant-males.pdf?sfvrsn=eaa32f1a_10 |contribution= |last= |first= |publisher=[[Royal Australasian College of Physicians]] |format=PDF |date=2010-09-01 |accessdate=2021-03-29}}</ref> <ref name="septic shock,cua2018" and oftentimes, parents who are complicit agree to keep silent about >{{REFjournal |last=Dave |first=Sumit |init=S |author-link= |etal=yes |title=Canadian Urological Association guideline on the surrounding care of their child's deaththe normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (abridged version) |journal=Can Urol Assoc J |location= |date=2018-02 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=18-28 |url=https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/5034/3470 |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2021-03-29}}</ref>

As an example, evidence that shows mohels are spreading the herpes virus to children via One of the practice risks of [[metzitzah b'pehcircumcision]]in either sex, or direct oral suction at any age, is '''death'''. It is difficult to obtain accurate estimates of the wounded child's penisdeaths caused by circumcision because hospitals are not required to release this data, doctors often purposefully attribute the death to a secondary cause, such as "hemorrhaging," or "septic [[shock]], has been mounting recently" and oftentimes, but parents who are asked complicit agree to keep silent about details the surrounding their children's deaths, who performed of their child's circumcisions, whether or not metzitzah b'peh was performed, etc., are often not forthcoming to protect the reputation of the ritual circumcisers in their communitydeath.

Holt (1913) reported deaths of boys from tuberculosis transmitted by tubercular ''mohelim'' during ritual non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Holt |first=LE |author-link=L. Emmett Holt |title=Tuberculosis acquired through ritual circumcision |journal=JAMA |date=1913-07-12 |volume=LXI |issue= |pages=99-102 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/holt1/ |accessdate=2020-02-02}}</ref> Today tuberculosis is no longer the problem it was in 1913, but now, evidence that shows ''mohelim'' are spreading the [[herpes]] virus to children via the practice of [[metzitzah b'peh]],<ref>{{REFnews |title=Baby Dies of Herpes in Ritual Circumcision By Orthodox Jews |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/baby-dies-herpes-virus-ritual-circumcision-nyc-orthodox/story?id=15888618 |last=James |first=Susan |init=S |publisher=ABC News |website=abcnewsgo.com |date=2012-03-09 |accessdate=2020-02-02 |quote=}}</ref> or direct oral suction of the wounded child's penis, has been mounting recently, but parents who are asked about details surrounding their children's deaths, who performed their child's circumcisions, whether or not metzitzah b'peh was performed, etc., are often not forthcoming to protect the reputation of the ritual circumcisers in their community. Parents of children who were [[circumcised ]] in the secular setting of the hospital may also agree to repeat whatever their doctor told them to protect both the reputation of the doctor involved, and to keep their conscience free of the fact that they gave their consent to the procedure. ==Surveys of deaths==Baker (1979) estimated 229 annual deaths from circumcision in the [[United States]].<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Baker |first=Robert L. |init= |author-link= |etal=no |title=Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous |trans-title= |language= |journal=Sexual Medicine Today |location= |date=1979 |season= |volume=3 |issue=11 |article= |page= |pages=35-6 |url= |archived= |quote=And let us tell parents that it is not the thing to do unless there is a specific indication. |accessdate=2022-07-15}}</ref> Earp et al. (2018) collected data on 9,833,110 boys who had been neonatally circumcised between 2001 to 2010 in the [[United States]]. The authors found that one death occurs for every 49,166 circumcisions.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Earp |first=Brian D. |init= |author-link=Brian D. Earp |last2=Alareddy |first2=Veerajalandhar |init2= |author2-link= |last3=Alareddy |first3=Veerasathpurush |init3= |author3-link= |last4=Rotta |first4=Alexandre T. |init4= |author4-link=Alexandre Rotta |etal=no |title=Factors Associated With Early Deaths Following Neonatal Male Circumcision in the United States, 2001 to 2010 |trans-title= |language= |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila) |location= |date=2018-11 |volume=57 |issue=13 |article= |page= |pages=1532-40 |url= |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=30066572 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1177/0009922818790060 |accessdate=2022-02-11}}</ref> Schröder et al. (2021) reviewed the experience of the [https://www.sickkids.ca Hospital for Sick Children] in Toronto with regard to circumcision-related emergency admissions between 2000 and 2013. They found that 19 previously healthy neonates had emergency admissions for circumcision complications. The records of patients who had died were searched to identify those who had been [[circumcised]]. Four of the boys had post-circumcision [[bleeding]]. Four of the boys had [[glans]] amputations. Two previously healthy boys died.<ref name="shroder2021">{{REFjournal |last=Schröder |first=Annette |init= |author-link= |last2=Farhat |first2=Walid A. |init2= |author2-link= |last3=Chiasson |first3=David |init3= |author3-link= |last4=Wilson |first4=Gregory J. |init4= |author4-link= |last5=Koyle |first5=Martin A. |init5= |author5-link= |etal=no |title=Serious and Fatal Complications after Neonatal Circumcision |trans-title= |language= |journal=Eur Urol |location= |date=2021-12-12 |volume=29 |issue= |article= |page= |pages=S2405-4569(21)00316-3 |url=https://www.eu-focus.europeanurology.com/article/S2405-4569(21)00316-3/fulltext |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=34973956 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1016/j.euf.2021.12.005 |accessdate=2022-01-26}}</ref> Based on the data provided, the estimated death rate is one dead boy for every 84,000 circumcisions. ==Case reports== Circumcision caused death is usually hushed-up and attributed to some other cause, however a few cases have been reported in the medical literature. The few cases reported are only the visible tip of the iceberg. Most cases are not reported.* {{REFjournal |last=Hiss |first=J |author-link= |last2=Horowitz |first2=A |author2-link= |last3=Kahana |first3=T |etal=no |title=Fatal haemorrhage following male ritual circumcision |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Clin Forensic Med |location= |date=2000-03 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=32-4 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/death/hiss1/ |quote= |pubmedID=15274991 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1054/jcfm.1999.0340 |accessdate=2020-02-03}}* {{REFweb |url=http://www.circumstitions.com/death-exsang.html |title=Judgement of Inquiry into the Death of Ryleigh Roman Bryan McWillis |last=Newell |first=Chico |init=C |author-link= |publisher=Office of the Chief Coroner of British Columbia |website=Circumstitions |date=2004-01-19 |accessdate=2020-02-03 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFjournal |last=Coroner |first=Chief |init=C |author-link= |etal=no |title=Circumcision: a minor procedure? |journal=Paediatr Child Health |location= |date=2007-04 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=311-2 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2528673/ |quote= |pubmedID=19030377 |pubmedCID=2528673 |DOI= |accessdate=2020-02-03}}

A study in 2010 Gellis (1978) estimated approximately 117 neonatal that there are more deaths each year from non-therapeutic circumcisionof children than from cancer of the penis.<ref name="gellis1978">{{REFjournal |last=Gellis |first=Sidney S. |init=SS |author-related link= |etal=no |title=Circumcision |journal=Am J Dis Child |location= |date=1978-12 |volume=132 |issue= |pages=1168 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/gellis1/ |quote= |pubmedID=717329 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120370016003 |accessdate=2020-02-02}}</ref> Baker (1979) estimated 229 deaths occur annually per year in the United States, about one out of every 77 caused by non-therapeutic male neonatal deaths, more than suffocation, auto accidents, or even SIDSinfant circumcision.<refname="baker1979">{{REFjournal |last=BollingerBaker |first=DanRobert Leon |init=RL |author-link=Dan Bollinger |last2etal=Boy's Health Advisoryno |title=Lost BoysNewborn male circumcision: An Estimate of U.S. Circumcision-Related Infant Deathsneedless and dangerous |journal=Thymos: Journal of Boyhood StudiesSexual Medicine Today |location= |date=1979-11 |volume=43 |issue=111 |pages=78135-906 |url=http://www.mensstudiescirp.comorg/contentlibrary/b64n267w47m333x0general/baker1/?p=7ebbd6b446d940cbbd4274c095754b12π=5

|DOI=10 |accessdate=2020-02-02}}</ref> Bollinger (2010} estimated approximately 117 neonatal circumcision-related deaths occur annually in the United States, about one out of every 77 male neonatal deaths, more than suffocation, auto accidents, or even [[SIDS]].<ref name="bollinger2010">{{BollingerD 2010}}</ref>==Infant mortality==The [[United States]], in addition to having the world's highest incidence of non-therapeutic, non-religious [[circumcision]], also has the highest rate of infant mortality. The relationship is unclear. A correlation exists but does not prove cause and effect.<ref>{{REFjournal |last= MacDorman, |init=Marian F.3149 |author-link= |last2=Matthews |init2=TJ |author2-link= |url=https://thywww.0401cdc.78gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr63/nvsr63_05.pdf |title=International Comparisons of Infant Mortality andRelated Factors: United States and Europe, 2010 |journal=National Vital Statistics Reports |date=20102014-09-25 |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=1-7 |accessdate= 2022-09-12}}</ref>{{SEEALSO}}* [[Anonymous case reports]]* [[Fatalities]]* [[Alexandre Rotta]]* [[Sudden Infant Death Syndrome]] {{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/death/ Circumcision Deaths |title=Circumcision Deaths |publisher=Circumcision Reference Library |website=CIRP |date=2013-408-2616

}}</ref><ref>* {{REFweb | quoteurl=https://circinfo.org/USA_deaths.html |title=Circumcision Deaths in USA |website=circinfo.org |date= |accessdate=2020-02-03}}* {{REFweb | url=http://www.icgidrmomma.org/2010/0405/infantdeath-from-circumcision.html |title=Death from Circumcision |publisher=Dr. Momma |last= |first= |accessdate=2021-causes07-10021}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-deathsprofessionals/complications/#anchor-each07 |title=Death |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |website= |date=2016 |accessdate=2022-year01-in15}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-us23378694 | title=Infant When circumcision causes 100 deaths each year can mean death in USSouth Africa | last=ICGINomsa | first=Maseko | publisherinit= | websitepublisher=International Coalition for Genital IntegrityBBC | date=20102013-407-2619 | accessdate=2024-05}}</ref>

[[Category:Risks and ComplicationsParental information]][[Category:Circumcision complication]]