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=====Criticism=====
The expired American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) position statement on male circumcision (2012) has attracted significant critical commentduring its brief life, including from the AAP itself.
In a dissenting paper, Frisch et al. (2013) point out "Circumcision fails to meet the criteria to serve as a preventive measure for UTI [...] As a preventive measure for penile cancer, circumcision also fails to meet the criteria for preventive medicine [...] circumcision for [[HIV]] protection in Western countries fails to meet the criteria for preventive medicine [...] Circumcision fails to meet the commonly accepted criteria for the justification of preventive medical procedures in children."
|accessdate=2021-11-12
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|quote=As they the saying goes, follow the money. Now you know why neither the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], American Medical Association, [[American Academy of Family Physicians]], or the [[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]] haven’t condemned this unnecessary surgery, and why their physician members are quick to recommend the procedure to expectant parents.
}}</ref> [[Third-party payment]] is a major support to the performance of this medically-unnecessary surgery. If parents could not grant consent for non-therapeutic circumcision, then no one could grant consent for the non-therapeutic circumcision of a child, so the $2 billion annual business would collapse. The American [[Medical trade association| medical trade associations]], more than those of other nations, have been unwilling to recognize the child's right to [[physical integrity]], to security of the person, and the right to personal autonomy.
Boys are born with a healthy [[foreskin]] that is free of disease. There are no medical indications for a neonatal [[circumcision]]. The [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]] and other promoters have put forward various alleged benefits from neonatal circumcision for decades to develop business for their physican-members.
The validity of surrogate consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of boys has been questioned for decades.<ref name="povenmire"/> <ref name="richards" /> <ref name="hill2003">{{REFjournal
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