Changes

* '''Sewing metal bells into the [[skin]]''' ([[India]]): This is said to enable men to better satisfy women.

# "If an intervention can be avoided, if the intended success can also be achieved in other ways, with less intensive measures, then the more intensive intervention is not in the [[child's well-being]]."<ref>{{REFweb

There are "claims that the incidence of cervical carcinoma (cancer of the [[cervix or cervix]]) increased in women after sexual intercourse with [[foreskinned]] men through the transmission of [[smegma]]. This relationship has been rejected by researchers as scientifically implausible."<ref>{{REFweb

[[HIV| Studies refute circumcision ]] as [[AIDS]] prevention. Male circumcision is irrelevant to the spread of [[AIDS]] if one counts out the number of infected prostitutes in the region. There is less [[AIDS]] in Muslim areas. However, this is not caused by the higher number of [[circumcised]] men, but by the lower number of prostitutes per inhabitant. When looking at sexual intercourse individually, circumcision can reduce the transmission rate by 50-60%, but the problem is that individuals in areas with a high [[AIDS]] rate have multiple sexual contacts with infected people. Circumcision would only delay the inevitable and be ineffective as [[AIDS]] prevention.<ref name="AIDS-Studie">{{REFnews

In Boyle et al. (20022019), 1577 Filipino boys aged 11 to 16 years before and after circumcision (performed either with or without local anesthetic) were observed. Before the procedure, it was ensured that only boys who did not have [[PTSD]] (according to DSM-IV) were included in the study. After the procedure, 50% of the boys [[circumcised ]] with local anesthetic and 69% of the boys [[circumcised ]] ritually (without local anesthetic) were diagnosed with PTSD according to DSM-IV criteria.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Boyle |first=Gregory J. |init=GJ |author-link=Gregory J. Boyle |last2=Ramos |first2=Samuel |init2=S |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Filipino boys subjected to non-therapeutic ritual or medical surgical procedures: A retrospective cohort study |trans-title= |language=English |journal=Annals of Medicine and Surgery |location= |date=2019 |volume=42 |issue= |pages=19-22 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080119300305 |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=31080593 |pubmedCID=6506608 |DOI=10.1016/j.amsu.2019.04.004 |accessdate=2023-12-30}}</ref>

In 2009, until 15 August 2009, 53 boys died as a result of improper circumcision in [[South Africa]], while thirteen boys suffered penile amputations.<ref name="dispatch">{{REFweb

* With the Dowayos [in Cameroon], circumcision is a long drawn-out process. [...] The operation is designed to arouse fear and horror. The boys are stripped down to their [[skin]] at a ritual crossroads and taken to the grove by the river, where the circumcision takes place. On the way they are jumped at by the cutters, who growl like hunting leopards and threaten them with a knife. The operation is very painful as the [[penis ]] is peeled off almost in full length. There may be several different circumcisers, each cutting off a piece of the [[foreskin]]. The boy is not allowed to scream, but the old men who told me about the festive event admitted that many did. That doesn't matter, as long as the women believed they had acted bravely. The results of such interventions can be studied at the bathing area. When the operated person is still very young, the limb sometimes takes on an almost spherical shape, which may be partly responsible for the very low [[birth rate]] among the Dowayos. Since all are circumcised with the same knife and the risk of [[infection ]] is correspondingly high, the [[death]] rate is considerable. Boys who died as a result of the operation were said to have been eaten by leopards. Correspondence from French colonial officers shows how distressed they were at the large number of youths allegedly eaten by the leopard - leopards — even though leopards were practically extinct in the area.<ref name="dowayo">{{REFweb

* The Hijra, a sect in India, appears to have radically amputated the [[penis ]] and testicles. To what extent this is enforced cannot be read from the Wikipedia article: "Although it is very often assumed that Hijra mostly undergo or at least seek ritual castration and penectomy."<ref>{{W|Hijra}} in India</ref>

}} (If there is no medical need, the doctor should refuse the procedure.)</ref> the doctors [[Maximilian Stehr]], Hans-Georg Dietz and the lawyer [[Holm Putzke]] advise against religious circumcision without medical necessity. Because the removal of the foreskin represents a "not only insignificant loss of substance, it is therefore a violation of physical integrity", in which the surgeon could be liable to prosecution for [[Mayhem|bodily harm]].<ref>{{REFnews

In Cologne, [[Cologne circumcision court judgment| circumcision was made a criminal offense]], but it is not seen as clearly as it seems to some in Germany in other western countries. In the [[USA]], for example, it is almost routine. The health organizations in different countries assess the procedure differently.

Modern medicine knows the advantages and risks that can arise from the circumcision of male genitals. [[Science]] does not yet give a unanimous answer to this question. However, [[Islam]] and [[Judaism]] do not care at all about the state of research. They are concerned with the observance of iron commandments and customs.<ref>{{REFnews

If the scientific argument is omitted, it becomes clear that the question of the permissibility of [[circumcision]] is only about a decision about social [[values]], legally speaking about "legal interests". In fact, it is also about whether Jews in Germany are allowed to live their [[Judaism]] as they understand it and not as others think. Elizabeth Wyner Mark, editor of a volume published in 2003 entitled "The Covenant of Circumcision" writes with a view to the fact that most secular, by no means religious Jews have their boys [[Brit Milah| circumcised]], that circumcision is an expression of the Jewish will to survive after the Shoah<ref>''Shoah'' is a Hebrew word for ''catastrophe''. It is another word for the Holocaust.</ref> and thus for has become a moral obligation for many parents.

In any case, [[circumcision]] has been a sign of Jewish self-assertion for millennia. The categorically experienced [[Abrahamic covenant| instruction of Jews to circumcise their sons on the eighth day ]] can be historically proven for two and a half thousand years. However, since ancient times there have been repeated attempts to prevent circumcision. The Hellenistic culture, with its worship of the beautiful body, [[Epispasm| led many Jewish men to lengthen their foreskin ]] again in order not to be ridiculed when doing sports in the nude. The Hellenistic King Antiochus IV even tried - — despite all alleged pagan tolerance - — to forcibly prohibit the circumcision of Jewish boys in the second century BC. This measure contributed significantly to the development of Jewish martyrdom.<ref>{{REFnews

Female circumcision is usually performed by women. This aspect, that women are not only [[victims]] but at the same time also [[perpetrators]], is mostly ignored in the reporting. It is also the circumcisers themselves who defend themselves against a ban and are also prepared to use violence.<ref>{{REFnews

* In [[Elfriede Jelinek]] 's autobiographically influenced novel "The Piano Player", a sadomasochistic, mentally disturbed woman mutilates her own genitals.

|Text=Like girls, boys have a right to physical integrity. And the [[lawmaker]] must protect this [[right]] and also guarantee boys the basic right to physical integrity.

|Text=From a legal point of view, circumcision is, from a legal point of view, bodily harm, just like any other intervention into the integrity of the body, as long as the patient cannot consent to the intervention. <br> If Muslim or Jewish parents are involved with the Request for transfer to a circumcision for religious reasons, I refuse. For me, the medical aspect is all that counts. And only then does the health system have to pay. Whether the parents then have the operation carried out anyway and whether they and the surgeon are then punishable - — must be decided on a different, philosophical-religious and ethical level. See you again in Karlsruhe.

}}</ref> Rather, [[Alice Schwarzer]] campaigns for male circumcision.<ref>{{REFweb

* [[Female circumciser]]

* [[Sexuality]]* [[Violence]]

* [[Self-determination]]