Changes

The term "'''Gliding action'''" is used to describe the way the [[foreskin]] moves during [[sexual intercourse]]. <ref name="hill2007">{{REFjournal |last=Hill |first= |init=G |author-link=George Hill |title=The case against circumcision |journal=Journal of Men's Health and Gender |date=2007-09 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=318-23 |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=04ace5046cc27f01b8fbe4aa359c059778983912 |quote= |format=PDF |accessdate=2023-10-02}}</ref> The [[foreskin ]] is internally lubricated with body fluid, so it glides frictionlessly over the shaft and [[Preputial mucosa| inner layer]] of foreskin. This mechanism was described by Lakshamanan & Prakash (1980), stating that "[t]he outer layer of the prepuce in common with the [[shaft skin|skin of the shaft ]] of the [[penis ]] glides freely in a to and fro fashion..."<ref>{{REFjournal

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|quote=The outer layer of the prepuce in common with the [[shaft skin|skin of the shaft ]] of the penis glides freely in a to and fro fashion and has to be delicate and thin, as was observed in this study. [...] The inner lining of the projecting tubular part has the structure of the outer layer and adds to the thin gliding [[skin ]] when retracted.

|accessdate=2022-06-19}}</ref> The gliding action allows for prolonged intercourse.<ref>{{REFbook |last=Bigelow, Ph.D |first=Jim |init= |author-link=Jim Bigelow |year=1995 |title=The Joy of Uncircumcising |url= |work= |editor= |edition=Second Edition |volume= |chapter=The natural penis. |scope= |page=17 |pages= |location=Aptos |publisher=Hourglass |ISBN=0-934061-22-X |quote= |accessdate=2023-08-15 |note=}}</ref>

== The normal, [[foreskinned]], intact penis ==Several people have argued that the gliding movement of the [[intact]] [[foreskin ]] is important during [[sexual intercourse]]. [[John Warren| Warren]] & [[Jim Bigelow|Bigelow]] (1994) state that gliding action would help to reduce the effects of vaginal dryness and that restoration of the gliding action is an important advantage of [[foreskin restoration]].<ref name="warren-bigelow">{{REFjournal

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|quote=During intercourse, the natural penis shaft actually glides within its own [[shaft skin ]] covering. This minimizes friction to the vaginal walls and opening, and to the [[shaft skin ]] itself, adding immeasurably to the comfort and pleasure of both parties.<br>Friction is not entirely eliminated during natural intercourse but it is largely eliminated. Friction can take place in the lower vagina, but only if the man uses a stroke that exceeds the (forward and backward) gliding range of the [[shaft skin|shaft's extra skin]]. And in such a case, there will be friction only to the extent that the shaft exceeded its extra [[skin]], which is uncommon since the natural penis has a propensity for short strokes. Primarily, it is the penis head that makes frictional contact with the vaginal walls, usually in the upper vagina where there is ample lubrication. [...] The gliding principle of natural intercourse is a two-way street—the vagina glides on the [[shaft skin ]] while the [[shaft skin ]] massages the penis shaft as it glides over it.

}}</ref> Taylor (2000) suggests suggested that the gliding action, where it occurs, may stimulate the nerves of the [[ridged band]],<ref>{{REFjournal

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|accessdate=2022-06-19}}</ref> and speculates speculated (2003) that the [[stretching ]] of the [[frenulum ]] by the rearward gliding action during penetration triggers [[ejaculation]].<ref>{{REFjournal

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}}</ref> When the [[foreskin ]] glides, all of the [[skin ]] of the [[penis ]] moves, so stimulation of the [[Meissner's corpuscles]] in the [[skin]] ''occurs over the whole length of the penis''.<ref name="garcía-mesa2021">{{REFjournal |last=García-Mesa |first=Yolanda |init=Y |author-link= |last2=García-Piqueras |first2=Jorge |init2= |author2-link= |last3=Cobo |first3=Ramón |init3=R |author3-link= |last4=Martín-Cruces |first4=José |init4=J |author4-link= |last5=Suazo |first5=Iván |init5=I |author5-link= |last6=García-Suárez |first6=Olivia |init6=O |author6-link= |last7=Feito |first7=Jorge |init7=J |author7-link= |last8=Vega |first8=José A. |init8=JA |author8-link= |etal=no |title=Sensory innervation of the human male prepuce: Meissner's corpuscles predominate |journal=Journal of Anatomy |date=2021-10 |volume=239 |issue=4 |pages=892-902 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joa.13481 |pubmedID=34120333 |pubmedCID=8450466 |DOI=10.1111/joa.13481 |accessdate=2021-11-15}}</ref> Taves (2002) reported that the presence and motion of the [[foreskin]] greatly reduces the force required for intromission of the [[penis]] into the [[vagina]].<ref name="taves2002">{{REFjournal |last=Taves |first=Donald R. |init=DR |title=The intromission function of the foreskin |journal=Med Hypotheses |date=2002-08 |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=180-2 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/taves1/ |pubmedID=12208206 |DOI=10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00250-5 |accessdate=2021-04-02}}</ref> == The circumcised penis ==

Removal of the [[foreskin ]] permanently exposes the [[glans penis]], tightens the residual [[shaft skin]] and reduces or eliminates gliding action. It also results in [[keratinization ]] or callousing of the [[glans penis]] because of chafing and abrasion from clothing, leading to loss of sensation. Removal of the [[foreskin ]] can lead to [[trauma ]] of the [[penis ]] (friction irritation) during [[masturbation]] due to the loss of the gliding action of the foreskin and greater friction, requiring the need of [[Masturbation#Lubrication| artificial lubrication]]. During sex, the loss of gliding action is also thought to cause pain, dryness , and trauma of in the [[vagina]]of the female partner.<ref name="warren-bigelow"/> The [[trauma ]] and abrasions of the vagina can lead to easier entry of [[Circumcision and STDs| sexually transmitted diseases]].<ref name="Bullough2014">{{REFbook |last=Bullough |first=Vern L. |init=VL |last2=Bullough; |first2=Bonnie Bullough |firstinit2=B |date=2014-01-14 |year=14 January 2014

One study showed that the loss of the [[foreskin ]] resulted in decreased masturbatory pleasure and sexual enjoyment.<ref name='KimPang2007'>{{REFjournalKimDS PangMG 2007}}</ref> |last=Kim |first= |last2=Pang |first2= |title=The effect of male circumcision on sexuality |journalrestored penis =BJU Int |volume=99 |issue=3 Non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]] by [[tissue expansion]] increases [[skin]] mobility, restores the gliding action, and improves sensation and [[Foreskin#Sexual_functions|pages=619–622sexual function]].<ref>{{REFweb |url=httphttps://www.cirpforeskinrestore.orgcom/library/sex_function/kim2006foreskin-restoration-2023-big-update/ |quotetitle=Foreskin restore 2023 glans and glide action |pubmedIDlast=17155977Torres |pubmedCIDfirst=Chuck |DOIpublisher=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06646.xForeskin restore |date=2007-032023 |accessdate=20142023-0210-0926

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