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Although circumcision promoter [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]] (1914} once claimed that the human [[foreskin]] was filthy and harbored disease and [[infection]],<ref name="wolbarst1914">{{Construction SiteREFjournal |last=Wolbarst |first=Abraham L. |init=AL |author-link=Abraham L. Wolbarst |title=Universal Circumcision as a Sanitary Measure |journal=JAMA |date=1914-1-10 |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=92-97 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/453164 |accessdate=2022-08-11}}</ref> in reality the opposite is true. The [[foreskin]] is designed by nature to be self-cleaning and to provide significant natural '''immunological and protective function''' against all types of [[infection]], including [[HIV]].

The [[foreskin]], like the eyelid, also serves an important protective and hygienic function. The [[foreskin ]] protects the delicate [[glans ]] of the [[penis]] and puts the [[urethra ]] at a distance form from its environment, protecting it from foreign contaminants and pathogens of all kinds while simultaneously shielding the [[penis ]] from injury. It is a double fold of [[skin ]] which offers two layers of protectionto prevent [[keratinization]] and maintain sensitivity.

Natural secretions of oil are achieved by sebaceous glands which are abound in At birth, the [[foreskin's inner lining, these are not present in ]] is usually attached to the [[glans ]] (head) of the [[penis]]by a [[synechia]], akin to how a fingernail is attached to a finger.<ref name>{{REFjournal |last="hymanDeibert |init=GA |author-brownstein1969">Hyman AB, Brownstein MH. [httpslink= |title=The separation of the prepuce in the human penis |url=http://jamanetworkwww.comcirp.org/journalslibrary/jamadermatologyanatomy/articledeibert/ |journal=Anatomical Record |date=1933-11 |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=387-abstract/530842 Tyson's "glands": ectopic sebaceous glands and papillomatosis penis]. ''Arch Dermatol''. 1969 Jan;99(1):319 |accessdate=2019-10-6.20}}</ref> They are also present in the eye lid and perform the same function in both places. They secrete the oils necessary to keep the glans surface soft, moist, smooth, warm, sensitive, and with a healthy glistening red or purple color. This moisturizer also maintains PH balance, and optimal cleanliness. This The [[preputial sac]] is required to keep sealed by the surface of the glans healthy and clean via the cleaning effects of mucous secretions. Again, this function is analogous to the eye lid. The glans penis is meant to synechia so it cannot be an internal organ covered and protected from the outside worldinfected.

In infancy, the genitally intact penis foreskin's tubular neck (prepucial orifice) is often long and narrow while the [[Dartos]] sphincter muscle in the urine stream flushes out tip of the urethra and [[foreskin ]] keeps its opening closed. This acts as an extension of foreign microbesthe [[urethra]]. In healthy individuals, urine is sterile and has a disinfectant quality<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Hunter |init=RH |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1249280/pdf/janat00534-0090.pdf |title=Notes on the development of the prepuce |journal=Journal of Anatomy |date=1935-10 |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=6875 |format=PDF |accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Glenister |init=TW |url=https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1956.tb04763. Researchers have demonstrated that x |title=A consideration of their process involved in the swirling action development of urine as it rushes through the prepuce in man |journal=Br J Urol |date=1956-09 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=243-249}}</ref> Together, these properties prevent the entry of contaminants.<ref name="fleiss-hodges-vanhowe1998">{{FleissP HodgesF VanHoweRS 1998}}</ref> The [[foreskin flushes it out effortlessly ]] protects the infant [[glans penis]] from ammonia in diapers (nappies) and prevents meatal ulcer and naturally[[meatal stenosis]].<ref>{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> <ref name="parkash-jeykumar1973vanhowe2006">Parkash S, Jeykumar S, Subramanyan K, Chaudhuri S{{REFjournal |last=Van Howe |init=RS |author-link= |title=Incidence of meatal stenosis following neonatal circumcision in a primary care setting |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila) |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=49-54 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000992280604500108?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed |quote= |pubmedID=16429216 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10. [1177/000992280604500108 |date=2006-01 |accessdate=2020-01-09 |note=Jan-Feb 2006}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Upadhyay |init=V |author-link= |last2=Hammodat |init2=HM |author2-link= |last3=Pease |init3=PW |author3-link= |etal=no |title=Post circumcision meatal stenosis |trans-title= |language= |journal=N Z Med J |location= |date=1998-02-27 |volume=111 |issue=1060 |pages=57-8 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomycomplications/parkashupadhyay1/ Human Subpreputial collection: its nature and formation]. ''J Urol''. 1973 Aug 110(2):211 |quote= |pubmedID=9539919 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2020-01-210}}</ref>

Though urine passes through the foreskin every day, the inner foreskin is remarkably free Natural secretions of urea — a oil are achieved by-product of liver metabolism that is secreted sebaceous glands which are abound in urine. Studies demonstrate that washings from the [[foreskin ]]'s inner lining, these are rich not present in fructose, acid phosphatase, and mucin, but never urea. It appears that the secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethral mucous glands, collectively or individually, keep the foreskin clear and clean as well[[glans penis]].<refname="hyman-brownstein1969">Parkash S. Penis{{REFjournal |last=Hyman |init=AB |last2=Brownstein |init2=MH |url=https: some facts and fancies//jamanetwork. ''Journal of Physiciancom/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/530842 |title=Tyson's Association 0f Madras'' June 1982"glands": ectopic sebaceous glands and papillomatosis penis |journal=Arch Dermatol |date=1969-01 |volume=99 |issue=1 |pages=31-13.36 |accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref>At birthThey are also present in the eyelid and perform the same function in both places. They secrete the oils necessary to keep the [[glans]] surface soft, moist, smooth, warm, sensitive, and with a healthy glistening red or purple color. This moisturizer also maintains PH balance, the foreskin and optimal cleanliness. This is usually attached required to keep the surface of the glans(head) healthy and clean via the cleaning effects of the penismucous secretions. Again, akin to how a fingernail this function is attached analogous to a finger.<ref>Diebert GAthe eye lid. The [[http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/deibert/ The separation of the prepuce in the human glans penis]] is meant to be an internal organ covered and protected from the outside world. ''Anatomical Record''. 1993 Nov;57(4):387-99.</ref>

In infancy the genitally [[intact]] [[penis]] the [[urine]] stream flushes out the [[urethra]] and [[foreskin's tubular neck (prepucial orifice) ]] of foreign microbes. In healthy individuals, [[urine]] is often long sterile and narrow while has a disinfectant quality. Researchers have demonstrated that the sphincter muscle in the tip swirling action of [[urine]] as it rushes through the [[foreskin keeps its opening closed. This acts as an extension of the urethra]] flushes it out effortlessly and naturally.<refname="parkash-jeykumar1973">Hunter RH. [https{{REFjournal |last=Parkash |init=S |last2=Jeykumar |init2=S |last3=Subramanyan |init3=K |last4=Chaudhuri |init4=S |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nihcirp.govorg/pmclibrary/articlesanatomy/PMC1249280parkash/pdf/janat00534-0090.pdf Notes on the development of the prepuce]. ''Journal of Anatomy''. 1935 Oct;70(1) |title=Human subpreputial collection:6875.</ref> <ref>Glenister TW. A consideration of their process involved in the development of the prepuce in man. ''Br its nature and formation |journal=J Urol''. 1956 Sep;28(3):243 |date=1973-08 |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=211-212 |accessdate=2019-10-9.20}}</ref> Together, these properties prevent the entry of contaminants.

The idea that Though [[urine]] passes through the [[foreskin]] every day, the inner foreskin is "dirty" or "unclean" is remarkably free of urea — a scientifically unfounded superstition. The intact penis is naturally clean and maintains a level by-product of hygiene liver metabolism that is optimal when compared to a penis secreted in [[urine]]. Studies demonstrate that washings from the foreskin are rich in fructose, acid phosphatase, and mucin, but never urea. It appears that has been altered by circumcisionthe secretions of [[seminal vesicles]], prostate, and [[urethra]]l mucous glands, collectively or individually, keep the foreskin clear and clean as well. <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Parkash |init=S |title=Penis: some facts and fancies |journal=Journal of Physician's Association of Madras |date=1982-06 |pages=1-13}}</ref>

The idea that the foreskin is "dirty" or "unclean" is a scientifically unfounded superstition. The [[intact]] [[penis]] is naturally clean and maintains a level of hygiene that is optimal when compared to a [[penis]] that has been altered by [[circumcision]].<ref name="fleiss-hodges-vanhowe1998" />  In comparison, due to the open wounds and raw [[bleeding ]] flesh, the [[circumcised ]] [[penis ]] needs much more care after [[circumcision]]. The surgically externalized glans is dirty rather then clean because of constant exposure to dirt, abrasion and contaminants.<ref name="vanhowe1997">{{REFjournal |last=Van Howe |init=RS. [ |author-link=Robert Van Howe |url=https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1464-410X.1997.00467.x |title=Variability in penile appearance and penile findings: a prospective study]. '' |journal=Br J Urol'' |date=1997; |volume=80: |pages=776-82782 |DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410X.1997.00467.x |accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref> [[Circumcised ]] boys are also found to be more likely to develop [[balanitis]], [[meatitis]], coronal adhesions , and [[meatal stenosis]].<ref name="vanhowe1997" /> Excessive washing and the use of soap inside the [[foreskin]] should be avoided.<ref name="birley1993">{{REFjournal |last=Birley |init=HDL |author-link= |last2=Walker |init2=MM |author2-link= |last3=Luzzi |init3=GA |author3-link= |last4=Bell |init4=R |author4-link= |etal=yes |title=Clinical Features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing] |trans-title= |language= |journal=Genitourin Med |location= |date=1993-10 |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=400-3 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/pdf/genitmed00029-0074.pdf |quote= |pubmedID=8244363 |pubmedCID=1195128 |DOI=10.1136/sti.69.5.400 |accessdate=2021-03-20}}</ref>

The foreskin's inner fold and the [[glans ]] of the [[penis ]] are comprised of [[Preputial mucosa|mucous membrane ]] tissue. These are also present in your eyes, mouth, and all other bodily orifices including the female genitals. These are the first line of immunological defensive defense for the body's orifices. These mucous membranes perform many immunological and hygienic functions.  Certain components such as [[Langerhans cells]],<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Weiss |init=GN, |last2=Sanders |init2=M, |last3=Westbrook |init3=KC |url=http://www.circumstitions.com/Langerhans. html |title=The distribution and density of Langerhans cells in the human prepuce: site of diminished immune response? '' |journal=Isr J Med Sci'' |date=1993 Jan;-01 |volume=29( |issue=1); |pages=42-343 |accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref>plasma cells,<refname="flower1983">{{REFjournal |last=Flower |init=PJ, |last2=Ladds |init2=PW, |last3=Thomas |init3=AD, |last4=Watson |init4=DL |url=https://journals.sagepub. com/doi/abs/10.1177/030098588302000206 |title=An immunopathologic study on the bovine prepuce. '' |journal=Vet Pathol'' |date=1983 Mar;-03 |volume=20( |issue=2): |pages=189-201. |accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref> apocrine glands,<ref> {{REFjournal |last=Ahmed |init=A, |last2=Jones |init2=AW |url=https://www. academia.edu/5687437/APOCRINE_CYSTADENOMA_A_REPORT_OF_TWO_CASES_OCCURRING_ON_THE_PREPUCE |title=Apocrine Cystadenoma: a report of two cases occurring on the prepuce. '' |journal=Br J Dermatol'' |date=1969 Dec; -12 |volume=81( |issue=12): |pages=899-901. |accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref>and sebaceous glands,<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Hyman |init=AB, |last2=Brownstein |init2=MH. |title=Tyson's "glands": ectopic sebaceous glands and papillomatosis penis. '' |journal=Arch Dermatol'' |date=1969 Jan;-01 |volume=99( |issue=1): |pages=31-636 |accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Delbanco |init=E. |title=Über das gehäufte Aufreten Auftreten von Talgdrusen freien Talgdrüsen an der Innerflähe Innenfläche des Präputium. ''Präputiums |trans-title=About the increased occurrence of free sebaceous glands on the inner surface of the prepuce |language=German |journal=Monatshefte für praktishe praktische Dermatologie'' |date=1904; |volume=38: |pages=536-8.538 |accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Piccinno |init=R, |last2=Carrel C |first2=Ch.-F, . |init2=CF |last3=Menni |init3=S. ''et al''. |etal=yes |title=sebacous glands mimicking molluscum contagiosum '' |journal=Acta Derm Venerol'' |date=1990; |volume=70: |pages=344-5.345}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Krompecher |first=St. |init=S |title=Die Histologie der Absonderung fur des Smegma Praeputi. ''praeputii |trans-title=Histology of allocation of a smegma praeputii |language=German |journal=Anatomischer Anzeiger'' |date=1932; |volume=75: |pages=170-76.176}}</ref>, collectively secrete emollient lubricants.<ref>Parkash S, Jeykumar S, Subramanyan K, Chaudhuri S. Human Subpreputial collection: its nature and formation. ''J Urol'' 1973 Aug 110(2):211name="parkash-2.<jeykumar1973"/ref> Apocrine glans glands perform a crucial function by secreting enzymes such as lysosomal enzymes, cathepsin B, chymotrypsin, and neutrophil elastase.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Frohlich |init=E |last2=Shamburg-Lever |init2=G, |last3=Klesses |init3=C. |title=Immunelectron microscopic localization of cathepsin B in human apocrine glands. '' |journal=J Cutan Pathol'' |date=1993 Feb;-02 |volume=20( |issue=1): |pages=54-60</ref> There is also strong research to suggest that lysozyme can protect against HIV infection.<ref>George Hill. [http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/hill1/ Summary of evidence that the foreskin and lysozyme may protect against HIV infection]. 7 September 2003.}}</ref>

Apocrine glands There is also produce cytokine,<ref>Ahmed AA, Nordlind K, Schultzberd M, Liden S. Immunohisto chemical localization of IL-1 alpha-, IL-1 beta-, IL-6- and TNF-alpha-like immunoreactivities in human apocrine glands Arch</ref> which is a very important nonantibody protein some research to suggest that generates immune response when in contact with specific agents. Plasma cells which increase in number in response to pathogens levels, secrete immunoglobulinlysozyme may protect against [[HIV]] infection.<ref>Flower PJ, Ladds PW, Thomas AD, Watson DL. [https{{REFweb |first=George |last=Hill |author-link=George Hill |url=http://journalswww.sagepubcirp.comorg/doilibrary/absdisease/10.1177HIV/hill1/030098588302000206 An immunopathologic study on |title=Summary of evidence that the bovine prepuce]. ''Vet Pathol''. 1983 Mar;foreskin and lysozyme may protect against HIV infection |date=2003-09-07 |accessdate=2019-10-20(2):189-201.}}</ref> <ref name="fleiss-hodges-vanhowe1998" />

Apocrine glands also produce cytokine,<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Ahmed |init=AA |last2=Nordlind |init2=K |last3=Schultzberd |init3=M |last4=Liden |init4=S |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01105803 |title=Immunohistochemical localization of IL-1 alpha-, IL-1 beta-, IL-6- and TNF-alpha-like immunoreactivities in human apocrine glands |journal=Arch Dermatol Res |date=1995 |volume=287 |issue=8 |pages=764-766 |accessdate=2019-10-20}}</ref> which is a very important non-antibody protein that generates immune response when in contact with specific agents. Plasma cells which increase in number in response to pathogens levels, secrete immunoglobulin.<ref name="flower1983"/>It is also very important to note that [[Langerhans cells ]] that are present in the [[foreskin ]] produce ''Langerin'', a substance that has been proven to kill human immunodefiency viris immunodeficiency virus ([[HIV]]) on contact.<ref> de Witte L, Nabatov A, Pion M, ''et al''. [http://www.cirp.org/news/healthday2007-03-05/ Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells]. ''Nat Med'' {{DeWitte etal 2007 Mar;13(3):367-71.</ref>All of these function to sequester and “digest” foreign pathogens. All these substances play an important role in protecting the penis from viral and bacterial pathogens. The immunological functions of the human prepuce have been extensively documented by respected researchers for quite some time.<ref>Fleiss PM, Hodges FM, Van Howe RS. [http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/fleiss3/ Immunological functions of the human prepuce]. ''Sex Trans Infect'' (London), Volume 74, Number 5, Pages 364-367, October 1998.}}</ref>

In infancy, simple sugars in breast milk, like antibacterial oligosaccharides, are acquired from the mother's milk All of these function to sequester and excreted in urine“digest” foreign pathogens. University studies have shown that All these substances cling to the mucosal lining of the inner foreskin and protect against urinary tract infections,<ref>Hanson LA, Karlsson B, Jalil F, ''et al''. Antiviral and antibacterial factors play an important role in human milk. In: Hanson LA, ed. ''Biology of Human Milk''. New York Raven Press; 1988. pp. 141-57</ref> as well as infections in other parts of protecting the body.<ref>Coppa GV, Gabrielli O, Giorgi P, Catassi C, Montanari MP, Veraldo PE, Nichols BL. Preliminary study of breast feeding penis from viral and bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cellspathogens. ''Lancet'' 1990 Mar 10;335(8689):569-71.</ref> Babies excrete in their urine about 300-500 milligrams of oligosaccharides each day. These compounds prevent virulent strains of ''Escherichia coli'' from adhering to the mucosal lining The immunological functions of the entire urinary tract, including the foreskin and glans. For these reasons breast-milk is highly efficacious at preventing UTIhuman prepuce have been extensively documented by respected researchers for quite some time.<ref>Gothefors L, Olling S, Winberg J. Breastfeeding and biological properties of faecal ''E. coli'' strains. ''Acta Paediatr Scand'' 1975 Nov;54(6):807name="fleiss-hodges-12.<vanhowe1998" /ref> Rigorous studies have repeatedly demonstrated that breast feeding protects against urinary tract infections.<ref>Mårild S. {{SEEALSO}}* [[Breastfeeding ]]* [[Circumcision and Urinary Tract Infections. ''Lancet'' 1990;336:942.</ref> <ref>Pisacane A, ''et al''. Breastfeeding and urinary tract infection. ''The Lancet'', July 7, 1990, p50 </ref> <ref>Pisacane A, Graziano L, Mazzarella G, ''et al''. Breast-feeding STDs]]* [[Circumcision and urinary tract infection. ''J Pediatr'' 1992;120:87-89.</ref>HIV]]Researchers have shown that premature * [[Development of retractable foreskin retraction can expose the penis to hospital strains ]]* [[Foreskin]]* [[Foreskin sensitivity]]* [[Immunological protection of Escherichia coli and can result in UTI.<ref>Winberg J ''et al''. The prepuce: A mistake of nature? ''Lancet'' 1989, pp.598-99.</ref> Hence the protective function of the foreskin is in the child's best interest, especially during chemically treated diaper wearing years where feces mixed with urine can not only contaminate the permanently exposed urinary meatus but also the amputation wound from the circumcision surgery itself.breastfeeding]]* [[Keratinization]]* [[Penis]]* [[Pheromone]]* [[Preputial sac]]* [[Smegma]]* [[Transudation]]

It is important to note that women have a higher risk of UTI{{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=http://www. This is because the shorter urethra offers less protection via the immunological function of the urethra's mucosal liningintactaus. By the same observation we see that the tubular tip of the foreskin and its mucosal lining act as an extension of the urethra, hence providing more org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/ |title=Functions of that same protection via mucosa immunology and the adherence of antibacterial substances in breast milkForeskin |last=Helard |first=Lou |author-link=Lou Helard |publisher=Intact Australia |website=http://www. Understandably, removal of the foreskin destroys all this functionalityintactaus.org |date=2014-08-01 |accessdate=2020-06-05}}