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===Male infibulation===Male infibulation is done by twice piercing the [[foreskin]] and then placing a clasp through the two piercings to prevent retraction of the foreskin. The clasp may be a small padlock. The intent is to prevent [[masturbation]] and sexual intercoursecoitus.<ref name="peete2012">{{REFweb |url=https://www.thehealthboard.com/what-is-infibulation.htm |title=What is Infibulation? |last=Peete |first=C |author-link= |publisher=Health Boards |date=2012-02-29 |accessdate=2021-11-23}}</ref>
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'''Infibulation''' is the act of altering the sexual organs so as to prevent the use of them for sexual purposes.<ref>Free Dictionary. [https://www.thefreedictionary.com/infibulation q.v. Fibulation]</ref> There are both male and female forms of infibulation.
In ancient times, infibulation was thought to protect the quality of onea young singer's voice.<ref name="peete2012" /><ref name="hodges2001">{{REFjournal |last=Hodges |first=Frederick M. |init=FM |author-link=Frederick M. Hodges |etal=no |title=The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme |journal=Bull Hist Med |location= |date=2001-09 |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=375-405 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/history/hodges2/ |quote= |pubmedID=11568485 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1353/bhm.2001.0119 |accessdate=2023-12-8}}</ref>
In ancient Greece the [[foreskin]] was closed by being tied up with a string known as the ''[[kynodesme]]'' (dogtie).<ref name===Female infibulation=== {{REF}}"hodges2001" />
== Female infibulation ==
Female infibulation is more complex. It includes [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]] and [[labia minora|minora]] and sometimes the head of the [[clitoris]]. The [[vulva]] is sutured closed except for a small opening to allow for passage of [[urine]] and menstrual blood. The procedure is sometimes called ''pharaonic circumcision''.<ref name="peete2012" />
Female infibulation is classed as Type III [[female genital mutilation]] ([[FGM]]).<ref name="peete2012" />
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[[Category:TermCircumcision term]][[Category:FGM]][[Category:History]][[Category:Male genital mutilation]][[Category:Male sexuality]]