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[[Category:USA]]
Add HIV module; Add Category; Wikify.
| align="center" | '''Colleagues:'''
|-
| align="center" | [[Ronald Gray]]<br>[[Bertran Auvert]]<br>[[Robert C. Bailey]]<br>[[Thomas C. Quinn]]
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
| align="center" | '''Funded By:'''
|}
'''Maria J. Wawer''' , {{MD}}, a professor at the [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]],<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu/faculty/736/maria-j-wawer |archived= |title= Maria J.Wawer, MD |trans-title= |language= |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |website= |date= |accessdate=2022-01-02 |format= |quote=}}</ref> is a [[Bias|biased]] pro-circumcision researcher <ref>{{REFweb
|last=NCBI, PubMed
|first=
{{Citation
|Title=
|Text=Once circumcision programs become more widespread, more available, it's very likely that [[HIV]] positive men will also seek the procedure. Partly (because) you don't want to be the only guy on the block who hasn't been [[circumcised]].
|Author=M. Wawer
|Source=MedPageToday
{{Citation
|Title=
|Text=Where you don’t have complete [[keratinization]] of the remaining [[mucosa]], then that could in effect increase the transmission of (the) virus.
|Author=M. Wawer
|Source=MedPageToday
{{Citation
|Title=
|Text=We are providing [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| male circumcision ]] as a service now to negative men, but also to positive men. Again, because we don't want them to become stigmatized if they refuse the service.
|Author=M. Wawer
|Source=MedPageToday
{{Citation
|Title=
|Text=It’s amazing, cultures do change once people see there's a real advantage of a certain action ([[circumcision]]) on their part.
|Author=M. Wawer
|Source=JohnsHopkinsSPH
|title=CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission
}}</ref>
|Comment=In fact, she found that male circumcision increases risk of [[HIV ]] transmission in women.
}}
|Comment=Interestingly, Maria has said on numerous occasions that circumcision will reduce the rate of transmission to female partners, even though her research doesn't support this. Here she contradicts herself, yet again.
}}
==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection==
=== Population-based studies ===
{{Population-based studies}}
===Two African surveys===
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-11-07
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-11-07
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision and HIV]]
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
|title=HIV/AIDS
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]]
|date=2020
|accessdate=2020-07-16
}}
{{ABBR}}
{{REF}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wawer, Maria J.}}
[[Category:Person]]
[[Category:Female]]
[[Category:Bias]][[Category:Promoter]]
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]