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→NICHD funded studies: Wikify
== Three RCTs in Africa ==
The NIH funded the three major RCTs being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse [[circumcision]] as [[HIV]] prevention: One in Orange Farm, South Africa under the supervision of French circumcision proponent [[Bertran Auvert]]<ref>{{RCT Auvert et al 2005}}</ref>, one in Kenya under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Robert C. Bailey]] and [[Stephen Moses]]<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref>, and one in Uganda under the supervision of North American circumcision proponent [[Ronald H. Gray]]<ref>{{RCT Gray et al 2007}}</ref>.
Green et al. (2008), in a preliminary report, published a long list of methodological issues with the RCTs.<ref name="green2008">{{REFjournal
|last=Green
|first=Lawrence W.
|init=LW
|author-link=
|last2=McAllister
|first2=Ryan S.
|init2=RS
|author2-link=Ryan McAllister
|last3=Peterson
|first3=Kent W.
|init3=KW
|author3-link=
|last4=Travis
|first4=John W.
|init4=JW
|author4-link=John W. Travis
|etal=no
|title=Male circumcision is not the HIV ‘vaccine’ we have been waiting for!
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Future HIV Therapy
|location=
|date=2008
|volume=2
|issue=3
|article=
|page=
|pages=193-9
|url=http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/17469600.2.3.193
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.2217/17469600.2.3.193
|accessdate=2022-11-04
}}</ref>
[[Gregory J. Boyle|Boyle]] & [[George Hill|Hill]] (2011) studied their reports and found disabling methodological and statistical errors that invalidated their purported findings.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref>
[[Robert S. Van Howe|Van Howe]] & [[Gregory J. Boyle|Boyle]] (2018) further elaborated on these findings and suggested possible coordination between the RCTs and hinted at the possibility of fraud.<ref name= "vanhowe2018">{{REFjournal
|last=Van Howe
|first=Robert S.
|init=RS
|author-link=Robert S. Van Howe
|last2=Boyle
|first2=Gregory J.
|init2=GJ
|author2-link=Gregory J. Boyle
|etal=no
|title=Meta-analysis of HIV-acquisition studies incomplete and unstable
|journal=BJU Int
|location=
|date=2018-10-31
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=
|url=https://www.bjuinternational.com/letters/meta-analysis-circumcision-incomplete-unstable/
|archived=
|quote=Given the effectiveness of condoms, the lack of consistent findings on national levels, the methodologically flawed RCTs, the lack of translational research, and the impressive potential uptake and effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis, circumcision as an intervention to prevent HIV infection should be treated with greater scepticism.
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2022-11-04
}}</ref>
== Other Projects ==
== NICHD funded studies ==
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) is presently funding a five-year (2009-2013), $465,108 'study' entitled "[[HIV]] PREVALENCE, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD CIRCUMCISION AMONG COLOMBIA" (sic) with the stated aim of investigating "individual, social, and structural influences on [[HIV]] risk and serostatus among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bogota, Colombia...Moreover, it will evaluate the protection against [[HIV]] afforded by [[circumcision ]] among MSM in Colombia"<ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?icde=0&aid=7495232
|title=Project Information 1R01HD057785-01A1
== Continuing advocating for more circumcision ==
From a National [[HIV]] Vaccine Awareness Day statement dated 18 May 2011 by [[Anthony Fauci| Anthony S. Fauci]], {{MD}}, Director of NIAID (emphasis added):<ref>{{REFweb
|last=Anthony S. Fauci, Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health
|first=
}}
== Population-based studies ==
{{Population-based studies}}
==Two African surveys==
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-11-04
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-11-04
}}</ref></blockquote>
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