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,→Traumatic effect of infant circumcision: Revise text.
===Traumatic effect of infant circumcision===
There is now substantial evidence that infant circumcision causes [[Posttraumatic stress disorder| post traumatic stress disorder]]̪(PTSD). Memory Preverbal memory starts to function before birth and continues to function in the newborn period,<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Hepper
|init=PG
}}</ref>
Taddio & colleagues (1995)(1997) studied the effect of neonatal circumcision on the behavior of boys after surgery and at the time of vaccination. It was found that circumcised boys had a higher pain response at time of vaccination sixth months later as compared with intact boys.,<ref name="taddio"1995">{{REFjournal
|last=Taddio
|init=A
|DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10316-0
|accessdate=2020-11-11
}}</ref>showing that the nervous system had been permanently sensitized to heightened pain sensation.
Taddio ''et al''. (1997) concluded:
</blockquote>
John Rhinehart, M. D., a clinical psychiatrist, reported finding numerous cases of PTSD in his adult male patients secondary pursuant to infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Rhinehart
|init=J