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|last6= |init6= |first6= |author6-link= |last7= |init7= |first7= |author7-link= |last8= |init8= |first8= |author8-link= |last9= |init9= |first9= |author9-link= |etal=yesno |title=Improvement of Erection Related Incision Pain erection related incision pain in Circumcision Patients circumcision patients using Interrupted Rapid Eye Movement Sleepinterrupted rapid eye movement sleep: A Randomized Controlled Study randomized controlled study
Pain
,→Adolescent and adult circumcision: Add text.
==Adolescent and adult circumcision==
Adolescent and adult circumcision are usually carried out under total anesthesia, either by local or regional nerve block or by general anesthesia, <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Holman |init= |first=John R. |author-link= |last2=Stuessi |init2= |first2=Keith A. |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Adult circumcision |trans-title= |language=English |journal=American Family Physician |location= |date=1999-03-15 |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=1514-8 |url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0315/p1514.html |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=10193593 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2020-11-19}}</ref> so the pain of the surgery is not usually a concern. That does not mean that the operation is pain free. It is not. * There is, of course, post-surgical pain, which may be relieved by a potent oral analgesic. One should have a two-week supply of analgesic medicine.
* The recovery period for adolescent and adult circumcision is usually placed at six weeks. During that period of time, many patients experience pain when they they have involuntary nocturnal erections and the erection tightens the residual skin and pulls at the incision and suture.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Dai
|init=
|author4-link=
|last5=Huang
|init5=Yu-Hua |first5=Yu-Hua
|author5-link=
|trans-title=
|language=English
|accessdate=2020-11-28
}}</ref> In a few cases, the erections may cause [[wound dehiscence]] which requires additional surgery to re-close the surgical wound.
* That is not the only source of pain. [[Circumcision]] amputates the protective [[foreskin]]. In cases of [[phimosis]], the [[glans penis]] may never have been exposed before, so there frequently is severe pain when the glans penis touches anything. Many men complain that they are unable to wear trousers for an extended period of time. Only time and [[keratinization]] can ease this pain.
* Circumcision is inexact surgery. Surgeons have to guess at how much skin to amputate, so they frequently get it wrong. If sufficient skin is not available to permit penis expansion during times of erection, then taut, painful erections are the result. This complication may be treated by [[tissue expansion]]. The tension may also cause [[wound dehiscence]], which would cause additional pain.
* Neuromas may form at the [[circumcision scar]]. Cold & Taylor (1999) reported that they are "notorious for generating pain.".<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{REFjournal
|last=Cold
|first=C.J.
|author-link=
|last2=Taylor
|first2=J.R.
|author2-link=John R. Taylor
|title=The prepuce
|journal=BJU Int
|date=1999-01-01
|volume=83 Suppl 1
|issue=
|pages=34-44
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1034.x
|quote=
|pubmedID=1034941
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1034.x
|accessdate=2020-11-29
}}</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Posttraumatic stress disorder]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
{{LINKS}}
|quote=Circumcision is the most stressful surgical procedure commonly performed on newborns.
}}
{{REF}}