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'''Paula Donovan''' is an American women's rights activist that strongly promotes infant male [[circumcision]].<ref name=Lewis2010>{{REFweb
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9kIqB_6KRg
|title=YouTube: AIDSFreeWorld: Male Circumcision, part 1
}}</ref>
Donovan previously served as a Senior Advisor in the office of the United Nations Secretary General's Special Envoy for [[AIDS ]] in Africa and is a 20-year veteran of international development, women's rights and [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]].<ref name="The Salem Award: Paula Donovan">[http://www.salemaward.org/2005_rec.asp The Salem Award: Paula Donovan]</ref> In the early '90s, she worked at [[UNICEF]] and ran the global advocacy campaign for [[breastfeeding]]. Later, she became chief aide to [[UNICEF]]'s deputy executive director, and spent four years in Kenya as East and Southern Africa's Regional [[AIDS ]] advisor for [[UNICEF]].<ref name="Paula Donovan">[http://www.fairfield.edu/ar_fadpauladonovan.html Fairfield University: Paula Donovan]</ref>
==Quote==
{{Citation
|Title=Stephen Lewis: on Paula Donovan
|Text=She [Paula Donovan] realized that male circumcision was a good preventative way to slow the spread of [[AIDS]]. So she took that analysis further. She suggested to the male leadership in Nairobi, that [[UNICEF ]] propose that <span style="background:#d7f5ff">circumcision accompany the regular process of immunization of infants</span>... Paula was easily 10 years ahead of her time, because <span style="background:#d7f5ff">that's exactly what's being discussed in several countries now</span>... and what did the [[UNICEF ]] hierarchy do at the time? They grabbed their genitals in protective embrace and laughed it off like only male sexists can laugh things off. ...the UN took more than a decade to see male circumcision for the inspired preventative technology that it is.
|Author=Lewis, S.
|Source=Youtube
== UN General Assembly ==
Her efforts resulted in the UN General Assembly passing a resolution which supported a new consolidated body – to be headed by an under-secretary-general – to deal with issues concerning women.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/09/24/UN.women/index.html Behind the U.N. hoopla, a new agency for women emerges]</ref> The resolution merged the UN Development Fund for Women ([[UNIFEM]]), the Division for the Advancement of Women, the Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the UN International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (UN-INSTRAW).<ref>[http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=932 UN to Establish Single New Agency to Deal with Rights of Women]</ref>
== AIDS Free World ==
[[AIDS-Free World ]] is an international advocacy organization with a small staff that works virtually from a dozen locations in the US and Canada, Africa, the Caribbean and Europe.<ref name="about afw">{{REFweb
|last=AIDS Free World
|first=
|url=http://www.aidsfreeworld.org/About-Us/Who-We-Are.aspx
|accessdate=2011-10-28
}}</ref> Co-Directors Paula Donovan and [[Stephen H. Lewis]] founded [[AIDS-Free World ]] in 2007.<ref name="about afw"/><ref name=Lewis2010/>== Population-based studies =={{Population-based studies}}
==Two African surveys==
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-10-28
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-10-27
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[UNICEF]] -- Donovan worked at UNICEFhere.
* [[Stephen H. Lewis]] -- Benefactor of Donovan. Headed UNAIDS, promotes infant circumcision.
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]