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'''Paula Donovan''' is an American women's rights activist that strongly promotes infant male [[circumcision]].<ref name=Lewis2010>{{REFweb
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9kIqB_6KRg
|title=YouTube: AIDSFreeWorld: Male Circumcision, part 1
}}</ref>
Donovan previously served as a Senior Advisor in the office of the United Nations Secretary General's Special Envoy for [[AIDS]] in Africa and is a 20-year veteran of international development, women's rights and [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]].<ref name="The Salem Award: Paula Donovan">[http://www.salemaward.org/2005_rec.asp The Salem Award: Paula Donovan]</ref> In the early '90s, she worked at [[UNICEF]] and ran the global advocacy campaign for [[breastfeeding]]. Later, she became chief aide to [[UNICEF]]'s deputy executive director, and spent four years in Kenya as East and Southern Africa's Regional [[AIDS]] advisor for [[UNICEF]].<ref name="Paula Donovan">[http://www.fairfield.edu/ar_fadpauladonovan.html Fairfield University: Paula Donovan]</ref>
==Quote==
|accessdate=2011-10-28
}}</ref> Co-Directors Paula Donovan and [[Stephen H. Lewis]] founded [[AIDS-Free World]] in 2007.<ref name="about afw"/><ref name=Lewis2010/>
== Population-based studies ==
{{Population-based studies}}
==Two African surveys==
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-10-28
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-10-27
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[UNICEF]] -- Donovan worked here.
* [[Stephen H. Lewis]] -- Benefactor of Donovan. Headed UNAIDS, promotes infant circumcision.
* [[United States of America]]
{{LINKS}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLxCyU0nimo The Circumfetish Magazine Awards - World AIDS Day Special] -- Paula Donovan hosts the awards (satire)
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]