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Penis

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Anatomy and development of the male genital organ
The '''penis''' is the external male organ of urination and copulation.<ref name="farlex2003">{{REFweb
|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/penis
|archived=
|title=penis
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=The Free Dictionary by Farlex.
|website=
|date=2003
|accessdate=2022-05-23
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> The penis is also known as the '''phallus'''.
 
The body of the penis consists of three cylindrical-shaped masses of erectile tissue which run the length of the penis. Two of the masses lie alongside each other and end behind the head of the penis. The third mass lies underneath them. This latter mass contains the [[urethra]]. The penis terminates in an oval or cone-shaped body, the glans penis, which contains the exterior opening of the urethra.<ref name="farlex2003" />
 
The [[glans penis]] is covered by a loose skin, the [[foreskin]] or prepuce, which enables it to expand freely during erection. The skin ends just behind the glans penis and folds forward to cover it, this forming the [[preputial sac]]. The inner surface of the foreskin contains glands that secrete a lubricating fluid called [[smegma]] which makes it easy for the penis to expand and retract past the foreskin.
 
==Parts==
 
* Root of the penis (radix): It is the attached part, consisting of the bulb of penis in the middle and the crus of penis, one on either side of the bulb. It lies within the superficial perineal pouch.
* Body of the penis (corpus): It has two surfaces: dorsal (posterosuperior in the erect penis), and ventral or urethral (facing downwards and backwards in the flaccid penis). The ventral surface is marked by a groove in a lateral direction.
* Epithelium of the penis consists of the [[shaft skin]], the [[foreskin]], and the [[preputial mucosa]] on the inside of the foreskin and covering the [[glans penis]]. The epithelium is not attached to the underlying shaft so it is free to [[Gliding action| glide to and fro]].<ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/completeman/sidegif.gif
|title=How the foreskin works
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|language=
|last=Young
|first=Hugh
|publisher=
|website=Circumstitions
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|accessdate=2019-10-02
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}}</ref>
 
 
''The following content is part of the [[Circumpendium]].''
Up to the ninth week of pregnancy, both male and female genital organs develop identically. Genital tubercle, labioscrotal swelling, genital fold and urogenital membrane have developed.
Only after that do the different external features emergein the [[fetus]]. Between the 11th and 17th week the genital tubercle becomes the [[clitoris ]] in females, and the glans in males. In girls, the genital fold remains open, in boys it grows together. It transforms into the inner labia and the clitoral hood in girls, and into the [[foreskin]] in boys. The labioscrotal swelling becomes the outer labia and scrotum respectively.
In girlsThe growing together of the folds results in the seam that runs from the underside of the scrotum and the penile shaft up to the tip of the foreskin. The penis now consists of the shaft containing the erectile tissue, with the glans at the genital fold remains opentop. The shaft is surrounded by the [[shaft skin]] which, in boys however, is not knitted to it grows together. It transforms into This mobility, combined with the inner labia and stretching capabilities of the clitoral hood in girls[[skin]], and into allows for the foreskin growth in boysdimension of the penis during an [[erection]]. The labioscrotal swelling becomes During an [[erection]] the erectile tissue fills with blood, giving the outer labia penis its stiffness and scrotum respectivelyenlarged size.
The growing together In the area of the folds results in [[glans]] the seam that runs from [[shaft skin]] transitions into the underside outer layer of the scrotum and foreskin, which extends past the tip of the penile shaft up glans. Parallel to that runs the tip inner layer of the foreskin. The penis now consists It is attached behind the rim of the shaft containing the erectile tissueglans, with and runs between the glans at and the top. The shaft is surrounded by the shaft skin which, howeverouter foreskin layer, is not knitted to it. This mobility, combined with also past the stretching capabilities tip of the skin, allows for the growth in dimension of the penis during an erectionglans. During an erection At the erectile tissue fills with bloodtip, giving the penis its stiffness inner and sizeouter foreskin layers are joined together.
In This junction makes up the area of the glans [[ridged band]]. At the shaft skin transitions into the outer layer underside of the foreskinpenis, which extends past in the tip area of the glans. Parallel to that runs seam, the inner foreskin layer of the foreskin. It is attached behind the rim of the glans, and runs between connected to the glans and by the outer foreskin layer, also past the tip of the glans. At the tip, the inner and outer foreskin layers are joined together[[frenulum]].
This junction makes up the so[[File:Circumpendium-2-called ridged band. At the underside of the penis, in the area of the seam, the inner foreskin layer is connected to the glans by the frenulum-1-English.jpg|center|400px]]
Like the [[shaft skin]], the foreskin layers are neither fused to the penis, nor to each other, but are moveable against each other. This enables the foreskin to be retracted all the way past the glans.
At the point of birth, the development of the external male genital organs is not completely finished. At this stage, the foreskin and glans share an epithelium (mucous layer, the balanopreputial membrane) that fuses the two together. It serves to protect the glans during infancy, and dissolves as the child develops[[File:Circumpendium-2-penis-2-English.jpg|center|400px]]
Only then At the point of birth, the development of the external male genital organs is not completely finished. At this stage, the foreskin can be retractedand glans share an epithelium (mucous layer, the balano-preputial membrane) that fuses the two together. It serves to protect the glans during infancy, and dissolves as the child develops. The age at which Premature forcible [[retraction of the foreskin]] will tear this occurs is subject membrane, causing great pain and injury to the boy, who suffers this abuse. The child's individual development, himself, should be the first person to retract his foreskin.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Wright |init=JE |title=Further to the <q>Further Fate of the Foreskin</q> |journal=Med J Aust |date=1994 |volume=160 |issue= |pages=134-5 |url=http://www.cirp. If org/library/normal/wright2/ |quote=The normal prepuce should be left alone, with no attempt to retract it until the foreskin boy is retracted prematurely, before able to do it has fully separatedhimself, that can result in painful tears and infectionsat the earliest at three years of age. |pubmedID=8295581 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2019-10-01}}</ref> <ref name="NOCIRCpretract">{{REFdocument |url=http://www.nocirc.org/publish/6pam.pdf |title=Answers to Your Questions About Premature (Forcible) Retraction of Your Son's Foreskin |location=San Anselmo |publisher=NOCIRC |date=2000 |format=PDF}}</ref>
The widening of Only then the [[foreskin also depends on ]] can be retracted. The age. A at which this occurs is subject to the child's individual development. If the foreskin may be too tight to be is retracted all the way past the glansprematurely, even though before it has already completely fully separated from the glans. This early foreskin tightness ([[phimosis]]) is a normal stage of development , that can result in painful tears and vanishes with increasing age in most boysinfections.
The widening of the foreskin also depends on age. A study by child's foreskin may be too tight to be retracted all the Danish paediatrician and school doctor, Jakob Øster, of 9,545 examinations of pupils, published in 1968way past the glans, led to even though it has already completely separated from the following results<ref>Øster Jglans. Further fate of the This early foreskin: incidence of preputial adhesionstightness, frequently confused with ([[phimosis]]), is a normal stage of development and smegma among Danish Schoolboys. Arch Dis Child 1968;43:200-3vanishes with increasing age in most boys.</ref>:
A study by the Danish paediatrician and school doctor, [[Jakob Øster]], of 9,545 examinations of pupils, published in 1968, led to the following results<ref>{{OesterJ 1968}}</ref>:
<br><br>
{|border='1' style='text-align:right' cellpadding='2'
!width='15%'|Age
<blockquote>
'''''Classification according to Øster:'''''
''[[phimosis]]: Foreskin tightness prohibiting retraction''
''Tightness: Foreskin tightness hampering retraction''</blockquote>
Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) conducted a survey of 4000 young men in [[Denmark]]. They report that the mean age of first foreskin retraction is 10.4 years in [[Denmark]].<ref name="Thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal |last=Thorvaldsen |init=MA |last2=Meyhoff |init2=H |title=Patologisk eller fysiologisk fimose? |journal=Ugeskr Læger |volume= References 167 |issue=17 |pages=1858-1862 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/thorvaldsen1/ |quote= |pubmedID=15929334 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |date=2005 |accessdate=2019-10-01}}<references /ref>Non-retractile foreskin is the more common condition until about 10-11 years of age. {{REF}} [[Category:Genital]][[Category:Penile anatomy]][[Category:Male sexuality]]
[[de:Penis]]
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