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This option preserves the [[foreskin]], its appearance, and most of the protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual [[https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Foreskin#Physiological_functions physiological functions]], but does not make the foreskin retractable.
If desired, a non-retractile foreskin may be flushed out with warm water with the aid of a rubber-bulb ear syringe or a Water Pik.
==== Manual stretching ====
==== Preputioplasty ====
Should those therapies not yield the desired outcomes, there is a surgical option, namely a [[preputioplasty]].
This surgical method preserves the [[foreskin]].<ref>{{REFjournal
====Circumcision====
Circumcision is was the classic treatment for phimosis, but has many disadvantages and drawbacks. [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| Circumcision]] is less performed today, because it is becoming outmoded by newer and better treatments.<ref name="shahid2012" />
* Circumcision is the most expensive treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998" />
[[Adolescent and adult circumcision| Circumcision]] should be the treatment of last resort, to be used only after conservative methods of treatment fail.
Kumar et al. (2017) graded phimosis from 0 to 5. They reported argue that circumcision is necessary to treat grades 4 and 5.<ref name="kumar2017">{{REFjournal
|last=Kumar
|first=
== Adult onset phimosis ==
Phimosis or tight foreskin may be caused by a yeast infection. The proper treatment is to use an anti-fungal drug such as, for examleexample, a cream that contains [https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4316/clotrimazole-topical/details Clotrimazole].
Lichen Sclerosis, formerly called [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]] when it occurs in males, hardens the [[foreskin]] and makes it non-retractable.
Pathological phimosis usually requires treatment.
A [[Adolescent and adult circumcision is | circumcision]] may be indicated in severe cases of pathological phimosis, where neither non-surgical methods with corticosteroid cream nor foreskin-preserving [[preputioplasty ]] are promising (for example with chronic balanitis xerotica obliterans) or have failed in previous attempts.
== Short frenulum (frenulum breve) ==
* [https://www.wikihow.fitness/Do-Phimosis-Stretching How to Do Phimosis Stretching]
* {{REFweb
|title=Phimosis and Circumcision (Adult)
|url=https://www.coventryrugbygpgateway.nhs.uk/pages/phimosis-2/
|archived=
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=Blacker
|first=Anthony
|author-link=
|publisher=National Health Service - Coventry and Warwickshire
|website=
|date=2018-05-22
|accessdate=2022-06-24
|format=
|quote=Phimosis is a condition in where the foreskin of the penis is too tight to be pulled back to reveal the glans.
}}
{{REF}}