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[[File:Phimosis.jpg|thumb|An erect penis with a case of phimosis]]
'''Phimosis''' (''fɪˈmoʊsɨs'' or ''faɪˈmoʊsɨs'', from the Greek ''phimos'' (φῑμός "muzzle"), is a condition of the [[penis]] where the [[foreskin]] cannot be fully retracted over the [[glans penis]].<ref>{{URLwikipedia|Phimosis|Phimosis|2019-09-25}}</ref> Phimosis is a condition, not a disease, so it does not threaten health. Phimosis Men may or may not require treatmentelect to treat it. Some men live their entire lives with a non-retractile foreskin. [[Sex with phimosis| They are able to have sexual intercourse and father children]].==Pathologic phimosis==Pathologic phimosis is phimosis caused by lichen sclerosis et atrophicrus (LSA), formerly known as [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]] (BXO), on the [[foreskin]].<ref name="rickwood1980">{{REFjournal |last=Rickwood |first= |init=AMK |author-link= |last2=Hemalatha |first2= |init2=V |author2-link= |last3=Batcup |first3= |init3=G |author3-link= |last4=Spitz |first4= |init4=L |author4-link= |etal=no |title=Phimosis in boys. |trans-title= |language= |journal=Brit J Urol |location= |date=1980 |volume=52 |pages=147-50 |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/rickwood/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=7191744 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410x.1980.tb02945.x |doi= |accessdate=2024-01-13}}</ref>
Some success has been shown with treatment by topical steroid cream, but other cases may be an indication for [[circumcision]].<ref name="rickwood1980" /> See section on adult onset phimosis below.
==Physiologic phimosis==
Beaugé (1997) states that adult phimosis is caused by unusual methods of [[masturbation]] that fail to stretch the narrow foreskin of [[Foreskin#Foreskin_in_infancy_and_childhood| childhood]].<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal
|last=Beaugé
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/beauge2/
|accessdate=2020-04-20
}}</ref> The condition may be treated by changing one's method of [[masturbation ]] according to Beaugé.
There are three possible causes of non-retractile foreskin:<ref name='hill2012">{{REFweb
All may be conservatively treated without [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]].<ref name='hill2012" />
=== Non-retractable foreskin of infancy and childhood ===
[[File:Oester.jpg|frame|Percentage of boys with fused foreskin by age according to Øster]]
Boys are almost always born with non-retractable [[foreskin]].<ref name="gairdner1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> The inner surface of the foreskin of a newborn baby is fused by a [[synechia]] to the surface of the glans penis so that is non-retractable.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Deibart
|init=GA
}}</ref> Most of the rest develop a retractable foreskin in their teenage years.<ref name="Øster1968"/> About two percent of adult males live with a non-retractable [[foreskin]].<ref name="shahid2012" />
If treatment is deemed necessaryelected, the application of topical steroid ointment to assist manual [[stretching]] is the most cost-effective treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998">{{REFjournal
|last=Van Howe
|first=Robert S.
Non-retractile or tight foreskin is a condition, not a disease. It is not life threatening. One may elect to remain as one is, without treatment. Many men do not have an issue with non-retractile [[foreskin]].
Many men can have sex, father children, and live happily with a non-retractile foreskin.<refname="young">{{REFweb
|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/Restric/adult-non-retr.html#adult
|title=Adult non-retracting foreskin ("Phimosis")
}}</ref>
Adequate lubrication has been recommended when penetrating the [[vagina]] with a non-retractile foreskin covered [[penis]].
This option preserves the [[foreskin]], its appearance, and most of the protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual [[https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Foreskin#Physiological_functions physiological functions]], but does not make the foreskin retractable.
|DOI=
|accessdate=2021-01-14
}}</ref>Many men would prefer to live with phimosis in preference to losing one's [[foreskin]] to an [[adult circumcision]].
== Adult onset phimosis ==
Circumcision is not appropriate or necessary to treat [[frenulum breve]]. Patients must be careful when consulting a urologist, because urologists earn an attractive fee from performing a circumcision, so may be quick to recommend inappropriate and unnecessary injurious [[circumcision]] to an unwary patient.
==Video==
<br>
<youtube>v=NPwFMSZjiII</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Regret men]]
* [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]
* [[Sex with phimosis]]
* [[Stretching]]
* [[Tissue expansion]]
|format=
|quote=Phimosis is a condition in where the foreskin of the penis is too tight to be pulled back to reveal the glans.
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://treatphimosis.com/
|title=treat phimosis
|last=
|first=
|init=
|publisher=
|date=
|accessdate=2023-11-01
}}