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[[Population Services International]] (PSI) is a global health organization headquarted in Washington, D.C. {{USSC|DC}}, that focuses on issues of family planning, [[HIV ]] and [[AIDS]], maternal health, and the greatest threats to children under five, including malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition.<ref>[http{{REFweb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303171454/https://www.psi.org/about-psi/psi-at-a-glance |title=About PSI] |website=archive.org |publisher=PSI |date=2012-03-03 |accessdate=2020-03-12}}</ref>

'''PSI''' currently promotes early male infant circumcision in Africa. Here is a Job listing to oversee national campaign for early infant male [[circumcision]] in Lesotho, Africa.<ref>[{{REFweb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630031418/http://reliefweb.int/job/585879/chief-party-early-infant-male-circumcision Job listing |title=Chief of Party, Early Infant Male Circumcision* |website=archive.org |publisher=reliefweb |date=2013-06-28 |accessdate=2020-03-12}}</ref> [[PEPFAR]] has discontinued circumcisions of boys who have not reached the age of 15 years, due to oversee national campaign for early infant male circumcision poor outcomes and other abuses. == Population-based studies =={{Population-based studies}} ==Two African surveys==The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa. French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men. In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa.] Retrieved He reported:<blockquote>In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on June 29HIV was not significant, 2013with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho. [http<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michel |init=M |author-link=Michel Garenne |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho |url=https://webpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.archivegov/35373731/ |date=2022-04-04 |journal=J Biosoc Sci |volume=online ahead of print |pages=1-16 |DOI=10.org1017/S0021932022000153 |pubmedID=35373731 |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</livewebref> </httpblockquote>  In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:<blockquote> "Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michael |init=M |author-link= |etal=no |title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Biosoc Sci |location= |date=2022-10-26 |season= |volume= |issue= |article= |page= |pages=1-13 |url=https://reliefwebwww.cambridge.intorg/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/jobarticle/585879abs/chiefageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-partyphia-earlysurveys-infantin-malesouthern-circumcision Archived versionafrica/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50 |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=36286328 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.]1017/S0021932022000414 |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</ref></blockquote>{{SEEALSO}}* [[Human rights]]* [[Circumcision and HIV]] {{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/ |title=HIV/AIDS |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |date=2020 |accessdate=2020-07-16}}* {{URLwebsite|https://www.psi.org/|2021-12-31}}

[[category:OrganizationsOrganization]]