Changes

The [[foreskin]] produces [[pheromone| pheromones]] that are likely to be present in the preputial sac.<ref name="fleiss1998" /> Some [[foreskinned]] men report a pleasant musky fragrance <ref name="vocabulary2024">{{REFweb |url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/musky |title=Musky |last= |first= |init= |publisher=vocabulary.com |date= |accessdate=2024-04-26}}</ref> from their [[penis]]. Musk is produced by deer to create sexual arousal.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> The fragrance, when it occurs, is emitted from the preputial sac.

The fragrance may contain stimulating pheromones and is variously characterized. Some A few find it offensive, but others find it attractive, pleasing, exciting, stimulating, or arousing. <ref name="vocabulary2024" />

Some believe that the use of soap in the preputial sac harms the natural [[microbiome ]] and increases the strength of the fragrance. The musky foreskin fragrance may be contained by avoiding retraction of the [[foreskin]].

Birley et al. (1993) studied 43 men with recurrent or persistent [[balanitis]] at an outpatient genitourinary disease clinic in London, [[United Kingdom| UK]] where most men are [[intact]]. Of the study group only 33 percent were [[circumcised]]. Birley and colleagues discovered that the men in that group washed frequently with soap.  The men were instructed to wash less frequently, to stop using soap, and to treat with emollients. The soap and shower gel apparently removed the natural skin oil, which appears to be essential for health of the [[mucosa]] of the preputial sac.<ref name="birley1993">{{REFjournal