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The Philippine Islands were once governed from India. The Sultanate of Maguindanao introduced Islam into Mindanao in the 15th century. Thereafter Islam spread through the Philippines. Circumcision is a religiously founded tradition in Islam, so it was introduced into the Philippine culture.
Ferdinand Magellan claimed the Philippine Islands for Spain in 1521. Spain's control of the Philippines lasted until the Spanish-American war of 1898. Roman Catholicism was introduced into the Philippines during the Spanish rule. Christians recognized the harmful and abusive nature of circumcision at the [[Council at Jerusalem]] in 49 A. D. and rejected the practice as unnecessary for Christians. The Roman Catholic Church further repudiated the practice by the Bull of Union with the Copts in 1492.<ref>{{REFweb |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/cultural/councilflorence/ |title=Bull of Union with the Copts |last=Eugene IV |first=Pope |date=1441-02-04 |accessdate=2021-06-05}}</ref> Although in violation of Christian and Roman Catholic teachings, the Roman Catholic Church has turned a blind-eye to the practice of Tuli in the Philippine Islands, where it continues to flourish.
==Psychological issues==