Changes

The Philippine Islands were once governed from India. The Sultanate of Maguindanao introduced [[Islam ]] into Mindanao in the 15th century. Thereafter Islam spread through the Philippines. Circumcision (''khitan'') is a religiously founded tradition in [[Islam]], so it was introduced into the Philippine culture.

Ferdinand Magellan claimed the Philippine Islands for Spain in 1521. Spain's control of the Philippines lasted until the Spanish-American war of 1898. Roman Catholicism was introduced into the Philippines during the Spanish rule. Christians recognized the harmful and abusive nature of circumcision at the [[Council at Jerusalem]] in 49 A. D. and rejected the practice as unnecessary for Christians. The Roman Catholic Church further repudiated the practice by the ''Bull of Union with the Copts '' in 1492.<ref>{{REFweb

Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "''tuli''" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of [[PTSD]]. Of the boys who had a ''tuli'' circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.<ref name="ramos-boyle2001">{{REFbook |last=Ramos |first=Samuel |init=S |author-link= |last2=Boyle |first2=Gregory J. |init2=GJ |author2-link=Gregory J. Boyle |year=2001 |title=Ritual and medical circumcision among Filipino boys: evidence of post-traumatic stress disorder |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300649237_Ritual_and_Medical_Circumcision_among_Filipino_Boys |work=Understanding circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem |editor=Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos M |edition= |volume= |chapter= |pages=253-70 |location=New York |publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers |isbn= |quote= |accessdate=2022-11-05 |note=}}</ref> <ref name="ramos2019">{{REFjournal

|init2=SShttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/300649237_Ritual_and_Medical_Circumcision_among_Filipino_Boys

|url=https://www.sciencedirectncbi.comnlm.nih.gov/sciencepmc/articlearticles/piiPMC6506608/S2049080119300305

Article XIII provides enactment of measures to advance social justice and human dignity. Section 11 provides for the advancement of health. Section 17 provides for a Commission on Human Rights. Section 18 provides specific powers to the Commission to investigate [[human rights]] violations and to "[p]rovide appropriate legal measures for the protection of [[human rights ]] of all persons within the Philippines."<ref name="constitution1987" /> No such measures seem to have been enacted to protect boys from Tuli.

It appears that no one in the Philippine Republic has thought it appropriate to apply these constitutional provisions to the practice of Tuli, except perhaps for Ramos & Boyle, who briefly called for the application of [[human rights ]] to Tuli.<ref name="ramos2019" /> ==Dorsal slit reversal== According to Goodwin (1990), the dorsal slit operation may be reversed by suturing the cut ends together, which restores the tissue to its normal position and recreates the foreskin:<blockquote>One patient presented with a dorsal slit because of an acute infection during childhood. All of the normal preputial [[skin]] was still present and the patient wished the [[skin]] restored to a normal appearance. An inverted V-shaped incision was made where the dorsal slit had been and the two edges were sutured together, thus, reproducing the normal prepuce. The patient was delighted with the results. It could be that this might be an answer to some critics of circumcision. A simple dorsal slit can be performed in patients who have phimosis or severe recurrent infections. At a later date, if they wished restoration, reconstruction to the [[uncircumcised]] appearance would be simple.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Goodwin |init=WE |author-link= |etal=no |title=Uncircumcision: a technique for plastic reconstruction of a prepuce after circumcision |journal=J Urol |location= |date=1990-12 |volume=144 |issue=5 |pages=1203-5 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/goodwin1/ |quote= |pubmedID=2231896 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39693-3 |accessdate=2020-01-29}}</ref></blockquote> == Videos ===== Philippine boys circumcised to 'become men' ===:: <youtube>iCzBF6Y6tEg</youtube> === Circumcision of Philippines ===:: <youtube>qOBIVPKNq98</youtube> === Mass circumcision returns after one year delay===:: <youtube>v=ydv4so_TOPo</youtube> ==Tuli death==GMA News reported the [[death]] due to [[bleeding]] on Tuesday, 22 March 2022 of a 13-year-old boy who continued to bleed after his [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]] at a free circumcision event on Saturday, 20 March 2022 in Lucena, Quezon, which had been sponsored by the [https://srbinc.org.ph/ Scout Royale Brotherhood]. The boy was brought to hospital on Monday, but died the following day.<ref>{{REFnews |title=Circumcision causes 13-year-old to bleed to death in Lucena |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/826327/circumcision-causes-13-year-old-to-bleed-to-death-in-lucena/story/ |publisher=GMA News |website= |date=2022-03-25 |accessdate=2022-03-27 |quote=The Public Attorney's Office is looking into the death.}}</ref>

* [[Posttraumatic Post-traumatic stress disorder]]* [[Supot by Phil Giordano]]* [[Supot - film]]