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Sexual effects of circumcision

31 bytes removed, 06:19, 17 December 2019
Comment out unbelievable articles.
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<!--In a 2008 study, Krieger ''et al.'' stated that "Adult male circumcision was not associated with sexual dysfunction. Circumcised men reported increased penile sensitivity and enhanced ease of reaching orgasm."<ref name="Krieger2008">{{REFjournal
|last=Krieger
|first=J.N.
|date=2009-11
|accessdate=
}}</ref>==>
=== Glans sensitivity ===
|accessdate=
|note=
}}</ref> Sorrells ''et al.'' criticised this early study for being poorly documented and not subject to peer review.<ref name="sorrellssorrells2007">{{REFjournal
|last=Sorrells
|first=Morris L.
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06685.x
|date=2007-03
|accessdate=2019-12-16
}}</ref> In January 2007, The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) stated "The effect of circumcision on penile sensation or sexual satisfaction is unknown. Because the epithelium of a circumcised glans becomes cornified, and because some feel nerve over-stimulation leads to desensitization, many believe that the glans of a circumcised penis is less sensitive. Opinions differ about how this decreased sensitivity, which may result in prolonged time to orgasm, affects sexual satisfaction. An investigation of the exteroceptive and light tactile discrimination of the glans of circumcised and uncircumcised men found no difference on comparison. No valid evidence to date, however, supports the notion that being circumcised affects sexual sensation or satisfaction."
<ref name="AAFP">{{REFweb
|date=2000-06
|accessdate=2006-07-09
}}</ref> <!--Bleustein ''et al.'' (2003) tested the sensitivity of the glans penis, and found no difference between circumcised and uncircumcised men.<ref name="bleustein2003">{{REFconference
|place=Chicago, Illinois
|title=Effects of Circumcision on Male Penile Sensitivity
|date=2005-04
|accessdate=
}}</ref>-->
Sorrells ''et al.'' (2007) measured the fine-touch pressure thresholds of 91 circumcised and 68 uncircumcised, adult male volunteers, They reported "[the] glans of the uncircumcised men had significantly lower mean (sem) pressure thresholds than that of the circumcised men, at 0.161 (0.078) g (P = 0.040) when controlled for age, location of measurement, type of underwear worn, and ethnicity."<ref name="sorrellssorrells2007"/> In a letter to BJU International, however, on the basis of the unadjusted data, Waskett and Morris stated "we find no significant differences [...], consistent with previous findings."<ref name="waskett2007">{{REFjournal
|last=Waskett
|first=Jake H.
}}</ref> Opponents of circumcision have cited these studies, which report on the sensitivity or innervation of the foreskin, claiming a sexual role based upon the presence of nerve-endings in the foreskin sensitive to light touch, stroking and fluttering sensations.
Circumcision removes the [[Ridged band|ridged band]] at the end of the foreskin.<ref name="taylortaylor1996" /> Taylor (1996) observed that the ridged band had more [[Meissner's corpuscle]]s — a kind of nerve ending that is concentrated in areas of greatest sensitivity {{Citation needed|date=2007-08}} — than the areas of the foreskin with smooth mucus membranes. <!-- commented out until someone can explain how blood vessels relate to sensitivity: and a rich blood supply to serve the neurological tissue. Taylor (intense vascularity2000)--> Taylor postulated that the ridged band is sexually sensitive and plays a role in normal sexual function. He also suggested that the [[gliding action]], possible only when there was enough loose skin on the shaft of the penis, serves to stimulate the ridged band through contact with the corona of the [[glans penis]] during vaginal intercourse.<ref name="taylor2">{{REFjournal
|last=Taylor
|first=J.R.
|date=2000-10
|accessdate=
}}</ref> This gliding action was also described by Lakshmanan (1980).<refname="lakshaman1980">{{REFjournal
|last=Lakshmanan
|first=S.
}}</ref>
Sorrells ''et al.'' (2007), in the study discussed above, measured fine-touch pressure thresholds of the penis, and concluded "The transitional region from the external to the internal prepuce is the most sensitive region of the uncircumcised penis and more sensitive than the most sensitive region of the circumcised penis. Circumcision ablates" (removes) "the most sensitive parts of the penis." According to Sorrells ''et al.'', the five penile areas most sensitive to fine-touch are located on the foreskin.<ref name="sorrells" /> <!--This is disputed by Waskett and Morris, who argue that when they re-analyse Sorrells' data, no significant differences are found; that light touch is only one form of sensitivity, and that sexual pleasure may sometimes require less sensitivity. They also criticized Sorrells' recruitment methods.<ref name="waskett2007"/> In response, Young criticizes Waskett and Morris's use of the [[Bonferroni correction]] and argues that the methods of selecting subjects would not affect the results, that the two most sensitive positions on the circumcised penis represent small areas of [[circumcision scar]], as compared to a much larger area of sensitive tissue on the foreskin, and that sales of sensation-dulling products do not necessarily indicate that such are widely used other than on scar tissue.<ref name="young"/>--> In 2009, Schober ''et al'' reported on self-assessed sexual sensitivity in 81 men, 11 of whom were uncircumcised. When assessing areas producing sexual pleasure, the foreskin was ranked 7th, after the glans, lower and upper shaft, and the left and right sides of the penis, but above the area between scrotum and anus, the scrotum itself, and the anus.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Schober
|first=J.M.
In a telephone survey of 10,173 Australian men, 22% of uncircumcised men and 26% of circumcised men reported reaching orgasm too quickly for at least one month in the previous year. The difference was not statistically significant.<ref name="richters2006"/>
<!--Kigozi ''et al.'' reported that, in a randomised controlled trial of 4,456 men of whom 2,474 were selected to be circumcised, the authors did not find a statistically significant effect on premature ejaculation.<ref name="kigozi2007"/>
Krieger ''et al.'' reported on a randomised controlled trial of 2,784 participants, of whom 1,391 were randomised to be circumcised. 54.5% of circumcised men described their ease of reaching orgasm as "much more" at 24 months after randomisation.<ref name="krieger2008"/>-->
In a study of 255 circumcised men and 118 uncircumcised men, Kim and Pang reported no statistically significant difference in ejaculation or ejaculation latency time between circumcised and uncircumcised participants.<ref name="kimpang2006"/>
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