Changes

* [[bleeding]]* [[shock]]

* circulatory [[shock]]

Our finding that MNC is associated with SIDS is not surprising. Circumcision is associated with intra-operative and postoperative risks, including [[bleeding]], [[shock]], sepsis, circulatory [[shock]], hemorrhage, pain, and long-term consequences – all of which contribute toward allostatic load and, thereby, SIDS through various mechanisms. For instance, during circumcision there is an increase in the blood pressure, breathing rate, and heart rate. Even with the most advanced techniques, [[bleeding ]] occurs in over 15% of the cases, in which case there is a danger that a lower blood volume would result in low blood pressure and reduced amount of oxygen that reaches the tissues. Reduced blood pressure has been associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition where the walls of the throat relax and narrow during sleep, interrupting normal breathing. Unsurprisingly, SIDS victims experienced significantly more frequent episodes of OSA. Preterm neonates experience over twice the rate of [[bleeding ]] complications than full-term neonates. MNC-related complications are unavoidable. For instance, in 1949, Gairdner reported that 16 out of 100,000 UK boys under 1-year old died due to circumcision. In tandem with the lack of evidence of a meaningful and relevant health benefits to the infant, several countries chose to opt out of the operation.<ref name="elhaik2019" />

}}</ref> One source reported that the rate of crib (cot) death is .0004 in the [[United Kingdom]] and most other nations, but .0008 in [[Israel ]] and the [[United States of America]] where [[circumcision]] of infant boys is the norm, producing an effective doubling of the [[death]] rate.

|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]]