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Intentionally (yes) altering (yes) and causing injury (yes) to the female (no) genital organs (yes) for non-medical reasons (yes)
Health benefits. This is a moot point. While some will argue for the benefits of circumcision, there are also harms (that health organizations refuse to acknowledge) such as the loss of the frenulum, loss of tissue, loss of mobility and long term harm to the glans, and then there are all the risks. Furthermore, in lack of consent, even the benefits are obtained by unethical means.
Procedure can cause severe bleeding (yes) and problems urinating (yes - many circumcised boys have meatal stenosis, some develop fistulas, some "medical" methods of circumcision can cause life-threatening [[urine ]] retention) and later infections or infertility (if there is loss of the penis). (cyst, complications in childbirth do not apply... furthermore complications in childbirth only applies to one type of FGM, [[infibulation]], not all types).
More than 125 million girls and women alive today have been cut. Close to 20 to 30% of the male population alive today has been cut.
Circumcision is mostly carried out on young boys sometime between infancy and age 15.
[We] MC has not been recognized internationally as a violation of human rights of boys and girls, but the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe gave a first step in naming non-therapeutic circumcision of underage boys among procedures that violate the children's right to physical integrity. Circumcision reflects inequality between sexes and a form of violence and discrimination against boys. It is nearly always carried out on minors and should be recognized a violation of the rights of children. The practice also violates a person's right to health (externalizing an internal organ, often causing meatal stenosis and loss of erogenous tissue), the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (see the treatment received by the child in the above pictures) and the right to life when the procedure results in death (deaths after circumcisions are not unheard of, both in traditional procedures -such as South Africa every year-, ritual -such as Israel- or medical -as in the United States).
[WHO] Immediate complications [of FGM] can include severe pain, shock, haemorrhage (bleeding), tetanus or sepsis (bacterial infection), [[urine ]] retention, open sores in the genital region and injury to nearby genital tissue.
[We] Immediate complications of circumcision can include severe pain, shock, haemorrhage (bleeding), sepsis (life threatening), [[urine ]] retention, injury to nearby genital tissue (the glans, the shaft).
[WHO] Where FGM is a social convention, the social pressure to conform to what others do and have been doing is a strong motivation to perpetuate the practice.