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}}</ref> which is a [[Pain| painful]] non-therapeutic, medically-unnecessary invasive amputative surgery. Infant circumcision still occurs more than 2,000 times a day in the [[United States]]. Circumcision trauma includes ''both'' physical trauma and psychic trauma.<ref name="boyle2002">{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal