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|volume=100
|page=580 (supplement)
}}</ref><refname="Saez-Llorens 1989">{{REFjournal |last=Saez-Llorens |init=X |last2=Umana |first2=Maria A. et al |ini2=MA |last3=Odio |first3=Carla M. [ |init3=CM |init4=Lohr |first4=Jacob A. |init4=JA |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/llorens/ |title=Bacterial contamination rates for non-clean-catch and clean-catch midstream urine collections in uncircumcised boys]. From the |publisher=Department of Pediatrics. Hospital Nacional de Ninos, San Jose, Costa Rica, and the Department of Pediatrics, the Children's Medical Center of the {{UNI|University of Virginia|UVA}}, Charlottesville , {{USSC|VA.}} |journal=J Pediatr |date=1989 |volume=114 |issue=1 |pages=93-5}}</ref> McCracken recommends investigation with radiographic and/or sonography.<ref name="ginsburg uti"/>
A recent study of mice indicates that p-fimbriated ''Escherichia Col''i, the organism responsible for about 85% of UTI, is capable of burrowing into the deeper tissue of the bladder<ref>{{REFjournal
|volume=149
|pages=170-173
}}</ref> There is a significant false-positive rate in diagnosing UTI when urine cultures alone are used.<ref name="Mueller 1997"/><ref>name="Saez-Llorens X. et al. [http:1989"//www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/llorens/ Bacterial contamination rates for non-clean-catch and clean-catch midstream urine collections in uncircumcised boys]. From the Department of Pediatrics. Hospital Nacional de Ninos, San Jose, Costa Rica, and the Department of Pediatrics, the Children's Medical Center of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA.</ref> This criticism was addressed to some extent in Wiswell's second review.<ref name="Wiswell 1986"/>
* The hospital chart data used in the retrospective studies are unreliable. Hospitals frequently omit to record a circumcision on a baby's chart. In Atlanta, O'Brien found that circumcision was recorded only 84.3% of the time for circumcised boys.<ref>{{REFjournal