Changes

The '''vagina''' is the elastic, muscular part of the female genital tract. It extends from the [[vulva]] to the [[cervix]]. The outer vaginal opening is normally partly covered by a membrane called the hymen. At the deep end, the [[cervix ]] (neck of the [[uterus]]) bulges into the vagina. The vagina is lined with mucosal tissue. The vagina is moisturized and lubricated by Bartholin's glands.<ref>{{REFweb

The vagina receives the [[penis]] during sexual intercourse. To accommodate smoother penetration of the vagina during sexual intercourse or other sexual activity, vaginal moisture increases during sexual arousal in human females. This increase in moisture provides vaginal lubrication, which reduces friction. The texture of the vaginal walls creates friction for the penis during sexual intercourse and stimulates it toward [[ejaculation]], enabling fertilization.

Knowledge of the overwhelming superiority of the [[intact]], [[foreskinned]] [[penis]] over the [[circumcised]] penis in assuring the pleasure and orgasm of the female partner is of long standing. Rabbi Isaac ben Yedaiah, who lived in Southern France in the late 13th century, wrote effusively of the pleasures that the [[foreskin ]] provided to the woman. Marc Saperstein (1980) provided a translation:

O'Hara & O'Hara (1999) obtained surveys from 139 sexually experienced women. One survey was excluded. Of the 138 women included in the survey, 118 (85%} preferred their male partner to have a complete [[penis]].<ref name="ohara1999">{{REFjournal

|url=https://www.i2researchhubcirp.org/wp-contentlibrary/uploadsanatomy/storageohara/U3SR6H9A/The%20effect%20of%20male%20circumcision%20on%20the%20sexual%20enjoyment%20of%20the%20female%20partner.pdf

When the anatomically complete [[penis ]] thrusts in the vagina, it does not slide, but rather glides on its own 'bedding' of movable [[skin]], in much the same way that a turtle's neck glides in and out of the folder layers of [[skin]] surrounding it. The underlying corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum slide within the [[penile skin]], while the [[skin]] juxtaposed agaist the vaginal wall moves very little. This sheath-within-a-sheath alignment allows penile movement, and vaginal and penile stimulation, with minimal friction or loss of secretions. When the penile shaft is withdrawn slightly from the vagina, the [[foreskin ]] bunches up behind the corona in a manner that allows the tip of the [[foreskin ]] which contains the highest density of fine-touch neuroreceptors in the [[penis ]] to contact the corona of the [[glans ]] which has the highest concentration of fine-touch receptors on the glans. This intense stimulation discourages the penile shaft from further withdrawal, explaining the short thrusting style that women noted in their unaltered partners.<ref name="ohara1999" />

As stated, circumcision removes 33-50% of the [[penile skin]]. With this [[skin]] missing, there is less tissue for the swollen corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum to slide against. Instead the [[skin]] of the [[circumcised ]] penis rubs against the vaginal wall, increasing friction, abrasion and the need for artificial lubrication. Because of the tight [[penile skin]], the corona of the glans, which is configured as a one-way valve pulls the vaginal secretions from the vagina when the shaft is withdrawn.<ref name="ohara1999" />

=== Female Sexual Arousal Disorder === Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) occurs when a woman is continually unable to attain or maintain arousal and lubrication during intercourse, is unable to reach orgasm, or has no desire for sexual intercourse. FSAD occurs in up to 25 percent of American women.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Female+sexual+arousal+disorder |title=Female sexual arousal disorder |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |publisher=The Free Dictionary by Farley |date=2009 |accessdate=2023-12-18}}</ref> Peter Moore (2015) reported that 62 percent of all American males reported being [[circumcised]],<ref name="moore2015">{{REFweb |url=https://today.yougov.com/topics/lifestyle/articles-reports/2015/02/03/younger-americans-circumcision |title=Young Americans less supportive of circumcision at birth |last=Moore |first=Peter |date=2015-02-03 |accessdate=2022-02-07}}</ref>Bensley & Boyle (2003) suggested that the [[circumcision]] of the male partner and the loss of vaginal lubrication may be a factor in the diagnosis of female arousal disorder.<ref name="bensley2003">{{REFjournal

* {{REFwebREFnews |title=Circumcision: Social, Sexual, Psychological Realities |url=https://getmegiddywww.psychologytoday.com/foreskinus/blog/moral-guidelandscapes/201109/circumcision-forsocial-women?fd=5037708678751712|5178657338629138&lp=/foreskinsexual-psychological-restorationrealities |titlelast=The Foreskin: A Guide for WomenDarvaez |lastfirst=Williams |firstinit=MadeleineDF |initauthor-link= |publisher=GiddyPsychology Today |datewebsite=2021-02-15 |accessdatedate=20232011-0108-08}}* {{REFweb18 |urlaccessdate=https://www.bolde.com/what2024-learned05-dating-uncircumcised-guy/ |title=What I Learned From Dating An Uncircumcised Guy |last=Straight |first=Kara09 |publisherformat=Bolde |datequote=2018-09-03 |accessdate=2023-01-25

 [[Category:TermEducation]][[Category:Medical term]]