View source for Genital cutting/List of countries

In males, '''[[circumcision]]''' consists of removing the [[prepuce]] of the [[penis]] (the [[foreskin]]). Circumcision is practiced on young Muslim boys (known as [[Khitan (circumcision)|''khitan'']]) and on newborn Jewish infants (known as ''[[Brit Milah]]''), as well as on non-Jewish or Muslim infants in the [[United States]] as a hospital procedure.<ref>{{REFjournal
 |last=Wiswell
 |first=Thomas E.
 |init=TE
 |author-link=Thomas E. Wiswell
 |last2=Bailis
 |first2=Stefan A.
 |author2-link=Stefan A. Bailis
 |init2=SA
 |last3=Morris
 |first3=Brian J.
 |init3=BJ
 |author3-link=Brian J. Morris
 |date=2014-05-01
 |title=Circumcision Rates in the United States: Rising or Falling? What Effect Might the New Affirmative Pediatric Policy Statement Have?
 |url=https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(14)00036-6/fulltext
 |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings
 |language=English
 |volume=89
 |issue=5
 |pages=677–686
 |DOI=10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.001
 |ISSN=0025-6196
 |pubmedID=24702735
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/circumcision_2013/circumcision_2013.htm
 |title=Products - Health E Stats - Trends in Circumcision Among Male Newborns Born in U.S. Hospitals: 1979–2010
 |date=2019-06-01
 |website=www.cdc.gov
 |language=en-us
 |accessdate=2019-08-31
}}</ref> 
Jacobsen et al. (2021) used data from 2003 through 2016 from the Kid's Inpatient Database of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to compare [[intact]] with [[circumcised]] boys in the first 28 days of life. The authors reported a gradual declining trend in the incidence of neonatal non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] throughout the study period. The overall incidence of circumcision decreased from 57.4 percent in 2003 to 52.1 percent in 2016 over the 13 year study period or 5.3 percentage points for an average decrease of 0.4 percentage point per year. The author noted "neonatal circumcision rates decreased significantly over time."<ref name="jacobson2021">{{REFjournal
 |last=Jacobson
 |first=Deborah L.
 |init=
 |author-link=
 |last2=Balmert
 |first2=Lauren C.
 |init2=
 |author2-link=
 |last3=Holl
 |first3=Jane L.
 |init3=
 |author3-link=
 |last4=Rosoklija
 |first4=Ilina
 |init4=
 |author4-link=
 |last5=Davis
 |first5=Matthew M.
 |init5=
 |author5-link=
 |last6=Johnson
 |first6Emilie K.
 |init6=
 |author6-link=
 |etal=no
 |title=Nationwide Circumcision Trends: 2003 to 2016 
 |trans-title=
 |language=
 |journal=J Urol
 |location=
 |date=2021-01
 |volume=205
 |issue=1
 |article=
 |pages=257-63
 |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1097/JU.0000000000001316
 |pubmedID=32716676
 |pubmedCID=
 |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000001316
 |accessdate=2023-06-22
}}</ref>

It used to be, but is no longer, a common procedure in [[Australia]]<ref>{{REFweb
 |url=https://www.circinfo.org/statistics.html
 |title=Australian circumcision statistics {{!}} Circinfo.org
 |website=www.circinfo.org
 |accessdate=2019-08-31
}}</ref> and [[Canada]].<ref>{{REFnews
 |url=http://www.cirp.org/news/2006-03-23montrealgazette/
 |title=Rates of circumcision slashed in past 30 years
 |last=
 |first=
 |date=2006-03-23
 |website=The Gazette, Montreal
 |accessdate=2021-04-20
 |page=A13
}}</ref><ref>{{REFnews
 |url=http://www.cirp.org/news/halifaxdailynews2006-03-25/
 |title=N.S. circumcisions continue to drop: Province has second-lowest rate in the country
 |last=MacDonald
 |first=Andrea
 |date=2006-03-25
 |Website=Halifax Daily News
 |accessdate=2021-04-20
}}</ref> Circumcision for cosmetic reasons is banned in public hospitals in Australia.<ref>{{REFnews
 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/09/protection-offered-by-circumcision-does-not-warrant-lifting-ban-say-doctors
 |title=Protection offered by circumcision does not warrant lifting ban, say doctors
 |last=Press
 |first=Australian Associated
 |date=2017-02-09
 |Webste=The Guardian
 |accessdate=2019-06-01
 |language=en-GB
 |ISSN=0261-3077
}}</ref>

The procedures of '''[[female genital mutilation]]''' (FGM) are significantly more extensive.<ref name=Nussbaum1999p119/> FGM has no medical benefits and can cause serious harm to women's physical and mental health, depending on the procedure and whether it was performed by traditional cutters or medical personnel.<ref name=WHO2019/> Known until the early 1990s as "female circumcision", the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) and other agencies began referring to it as "female genital mutilation" to remove any analogy to male circumcision.<ref>{{REFbook
 |last=Cappa
 |first=Claudia
 |init=C
 |etal=yes
 |title=Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Statistical Overview and Exploration of the Dynamics of Change
 |date=2013-07
 |publisher=United Nations Children's Fund
 |location=New York
 |url=http://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/FGMC_Lo_res_Final_26.pdf
 |pages=6–7
}}</ref><ref name=Nussbaum1999p119>{{REFbook
 |last=Nussbaum
 |first=Martha
 |init=M
 |author-link=Martha Nussbaum
 |title=Sex and Social Justice
 |date=1999
 |publisher={{UNI|Oxford University|Oxon}} Press
 |location=New York and Oxford
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zoaKIolT9oC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=9780195355017
 |page=119
}}</ref> It is outlawed around the world, including in many of the countries in which it is most heavily concentrated.<ref>[[UNICEF]] 2013, pp. 8-9</ref> Found mainly in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, the practice is divided by the WHO into [[Female genital mutilation#Types|four types]]:<ref name=WHO2019>{{REFweb
 |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation
 |title=Female genital mutilation
 |publisher=World Health Organization
 |language=en
 |accessdate=2019-06-01
}}</ref>

* '''Type 1''' ([[clitoridectomy]]) is the partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]];  "in very rare cases", according to the WHO, it involves removal of the [[clitoral hood]] only (the prepuce, or [[skin]] around the [[clitoral glans]]).
* '''Type 2''' ([[excision]]) is the partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]], [[labia minora|inner labia]], and sometimes the [[labia majora|outer labia]].
* '''Type 3''' ([[infibulation]]) is the removal of the inner and outer labia and the creation of a seal over the [[vagina]] by stitching the two sides or by otherwise allowing them to bond, leaving a small hole for the passage of [[urine]] and menstrual blood; this is performed with and without [[clitoridectomy]].
* '''Type 4''' is "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area".<ref name=WHO2019/>

<!--
== Maps ==
{{main|Prevalence of circumcision|Female genital mutilation#Distribution}}
{| cellpadding=5 style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center"
|+ '''Prevalence of genital cutting by sex, age and country'''
!Age
!Male
!Female
|-
!0-14
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|{{Graph:Map | scale = 50 | colorScale = category10 | domainMin = 0 | domainMax = 100 | DZ=0 | BJ=0.2 | BF=13 | CM=1.5 | CF=1 | TD=10 | KM=0 | CI=10 | DJ=49 | EG=14 | ER=33 | ET=16 | GM=56 | GH=1 | GN=45 | GW=29 | ID=49 | IQ=3 | KE=3 | MV=13.4 | ML=73 | MR=51 | NE=1.2 | NG=13 | SN=14 | SL=8 | SO=46 | SD=30 | TZ=0.4 | TG=0.3 | UG=1 | YE=18.5 }}
|-
!15+
|{{Graph:Map | scale = 50 | colorScale = category10 | domainMin = 0 | domainMax = 100 | AF=99.1 | AL=36.8 | DZ=97.9 | AS=95 | AD=1.1 | AO=96.2 | AI=0.3 | AG=0.6 | AR=2.9 | AM=0.1 | AW=0.46 | AU=58 | AT=5.8 | AZ=96.9 | BS=0.2 | BH=81.2 | BD=93.2 | BB=0.9 | BY=0.32 | BE=22.6 | BZ=0.1 | BJ=94.7 | BM=0.8 | BT=1 | BO=0.11 | BA=41.6 | BW=15.1 | BR=1.3 | VG=1.2 | BN=51.9 | BG=13.4 | BF=88.7 | BI=41.6 | CV=0.1 | KH=2.1 | CM=94 | CA=31.9 | KY=0.2 | CF=63 | TD=96.5 | CL=0.21 | CN=14 | CX=0.1 | CC=95 | CO=1.5 | KM=99.5 | CD=97.2 | CG=99.2 | CK=95 | CR=0.15 | CI=96.7 | HR=1.34 | CU=0.11 | CW=0.07 | CY=22.7 | CZ=0.14 | DK=5.3 | DJ=96.5 | DM=0.2 | DO=12.7 | EC=0.11 | EG=94.7 | SV=0.1 | GQ=87 | ER=97.2 | EE=0.25 | ET=91.7 | FK=0.1 | FO=0.1 | FJ=55 | FI=3 | FR=14 | PF=78 | GA=99.2 | GM=94.5 | PS=99.9 | GE=10.6 | DE=6.7 | GH=95.6 | GI=6 | GR=4.7 | GL=0.1 | GD=0.3 | GU=95 | GT=2.9 | GG=0.1 | GN=99 | GW=93.3 | GY=12.1 | HT=7.6 | VA=0.1 | HN=0.1 | HK=28 | HU=0.8 | IS=0.1 | IN=15.7 | ID=92.5 | IR=99.7 | IQ=98.9 | IE=0.9 | IM=0.2 | IL=91.7 | IT=2.6 | JM=14 | JP=9 | JE=0.1 | JO=98.8 | KZ=56.4 | KE=92.6 | KI=0.1 | KP=0.1 | KR=81.6 | KOSOVO=91.7 | KW=86.4 | KG=91.9 | LA=0.1 | LV=0.4 | LB=59.7 | LS=72.3 | LR=99.1 | LY=96.6 | LI=4.8 | LT=0.2 | LU=2.4 | MO=0.1 | MK=33.9 | MG=94.6 | MW=28 | MY=61.4 | MV=98.4 | ML=97.8 | MT=0.3 | MH=0.1 | MR=99.2 | MU=16.6 | MX=15.4 | FM=0.1 | MD=0.9 | MC=0.5 | MN=4.4 | ME=18.5 | MS=0.1 | MA=99.9 | MZ=62.7 | MM=3.9 | NA=26.5 | NR=95 | NP=4.2 | NL=5.7 | NC=50 | NZ=33 | NI=0.1 | NE=99.4 | NG=98.9 | NU=95 | NF=0.1 | MP=90 | NO=3 | OM=87.7 | PK=96.4 | PW=95 | PA=1 | PG=10.1 | PY=0.1 | PE=3.7 | PH=91.7 | PN=0.1 | PL=0.1 | PT=0.6 | PR=0.14 | QA=77.5 | RO=0.3 | RU=11.8 | RW=27.7 | BL=0.1 | SH=0.1 | KN=0.3 | LC=0.1 | MF=0.1 | PM=0.2 | VC=1.7 | WS=95 | SM=0.1 | ST=0.1 | SA=97.1 | SN=98.2 | RS=3.7 | SC=1.1 | SL=99.4 | SG=14.9 | SX=0.1 | SK=0.15 | SI=8.5 | SB=95 | SO=93.5 | ZA=55.2 | SS=23.6 | ES=6.6 | LK=8.5 | SD=39.4 | SR=15.9 | SJ=0.1 | SZ=8.6 | SE=5.1 | CH=5.9 | SY=92.8 | TW=8.3 | TJ=99 | TZ=80.4 | TH=11.9 | TL=9.1 | TG=97.8 | TK=95 | TO=95 | TT=5.8 | TN=99.8 | TR=98.6 | TM=93.4 | TC=0.1 | TV=95 | UG=45.3 | UA=2.2 | AE=76 | GB=8.5 | US=80.5 | UY=0.62 | UZ=96.5 | VU=95 | VE=0.3 | VN=0.2 | VI=0.6 | WF=0.1 | EH=99.6 | YE=99 | ZM=21.6 | ZW=14 }}
|{{Graph:Map | scale = 50 | colorScale = category10 | domainMin = 0 | domainMax = 100 | DZ=0 | BJ=9 | BF=76 | CM=1 | CF=24 | TD=38 | KM=0 | CI=37 | DJ=93 | EG=87 | ER=83 | ET=65 | GM=75 | GH=4 | GN=97 | GW=45 | ID=95.1 | IQ=8 | KE=21 | LR=44 | MV=18.5 | ML=83 | MR=67 | NE=2 | NG=18 | SN=23 | SL=86 | SO=98 | SD=87 | TZ=10 | TG=5 | UG=0 | YE=19 }}
|-
!
|
|align=right|{{Graph:Map | scale = 0 | colorScale = category10 | domainMin = 0 | domainMax = 100 | legend = yes | AF=99 }}
|}
-->

== Table ==
{{Rank |rows={{TRC|tableno=2|ignore=2}} |header-lines=2 |caption='''Prevalence of genital cutting by sex, age and country'''<ref group="Notes">Mostly all international data, including that republished by the other two most cited sources here, Morris et al. (2016) and [[UNICEF]], for circumcision and FGM respectively, is from [[USAID]]'s [[Demographic and Health Surveys]]. Wherever possible, the primary, rather than the secondary, source is cited. The prevalence rates reflect the most recent surveys available, and are adjusted for sample biases against age distributions. Cells aggregating data across sexes and ages are without citation and are estimated from segmented data along with each country's age distributions and [[List of countries by sex ratio|sex ratio]]. Data missing or unavailable for FGM is denoted by '''N/A'''. Data without citation for prevalence of circumcision among boys aged 0–14 is copied from sourced data for males aged 15 and older, as mostly all ritual circumcisions are done either in childhood, right before puberty (e.g. Islam) or days after birth (e.g. Islam and Judaism).</ref>}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right"
|- style="align-vertical=bottom"
! rowspan="2" |Country
! colspan="5" |Male
! colspan="5" |Female
|-
!colspan="2" |0-14
!colspan="2" |15+
!Banned
!colspan="2" |0-14<ref group="Notes">Figures as reported by the children's mothers.</ref>
!colspan="2" |15+
!Banned
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Afghanistan}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-1">{{REFjournal
 |last=ICF
 |last2=Health/Afghanistan
 |first2=Ministry of Public
 |last3=Organization/Afghanistan
 |first3=Central Statistics
 |date=2017-01-01
 |title=Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015
 |url=https://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR323-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm
 |language=en
}}</ref> 98.1}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0">{{REFweb
 |url=https://www.dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm
 |title=The DHS Program - Data 
 |website=www.dhsprogram.com
 |access-date=2019-05-30
}}</ref> 99.1}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Albania}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0"/> 31.5}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0"/> 36.8}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Algeria}}
|{{decimal cell|97.9}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3">{{REFjournal
 |last=Morris
 |first=Brian J.
 |init=BJ
 |author-link=Brian J. Morris
 |last2=Wamai
 |first2=Richard G.
 |init2=RG
 |last3=Henebeng
 |first3=Esther B.
 |init3=EB
 |last4=Tobian
 |first4=Aaron A. R.
 |init4=AAR
 |author4-link=Aaron Tobian
 |last5=Klausner
 |first5=Jeffrey D.
 |init5=JD
 |last6=Banerjee
 |first6=Joya
 |init6=J
 |last7=Hankins
 |first7=Catherine A.
 |init7=CA
 |date=2016-04-04
 |title=Erratum to: Estimation of country-specific and global prevalence of male circumcision
 |journal=Population Health Metrics
 |volume=14
 |pages=11
 |DOI=10.1186/s12963-016-0080-6
 |ISSN=1478-7954
 |pubmedCID=4820865
 |pubmedID=27051352
}}</ref> 97.9}}
|{{no}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="auto1">{{REFweb |url=http://archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/fgm-prov-a.htm |title=Female genital mutilation: Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan |website=Archive.ipu.org |accessdate=2019-08-28}}</ref> 0}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="auto1"/> 0}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|American Samoa}}
|{{decimal cell|95}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 95}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Andorra}}
|{{decimal cell|1.1}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 1.1}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Angola}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0"/> 96.1}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0"/> 96.2}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Anguilla}}
|{{decimal cell|0.3}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 0.3}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|{{decimal cell|0.6}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 0.6}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Argentina}}
|{{decimal cell|2.9}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 2.9}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Armenia}}
|{{decimal cell|0.1}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 0.1}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Aruba}}
|{{decimal cell|0.46}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 0.46}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|[[Australia]]}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-2">{{REFweb
 |url=http://medicarestatistics.humanservices.gov.au/statistics/do.jsp?_PROGRAM=%2Fstatistics%2Fmbs_item_standard_report&DRILL=ag&group=30653%2C30654%2C30656%2C30658%2C30659%2C30660%09%09%09%09&VAR=services&STAT=count&RPT_FMT=by+time+period+and+state&PTYPE=calyear&START_DT=199401&END_DT=202012
 |title=Medicare Australia - Statistics - Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) Item Statistics
 |website=medicarestatistics.humanservices.gov.au
 |accessdate=2019-05-30
}}</ref><ref name="Auto22-3">{{REFweb
 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/Population
 |title=Population
 |date=2019-05-31
 |website=www.abs.gov.au
 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics
 |language=en
 |accessdate=2019-05-31
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb |title=The 1 November 2016 MBS (XML, PDF, DOC, ZIP) files are now available to download |url=http://www.mbsonline.gov.au/internet/mbsonline/publishing.nsf/Content/news-2016-11-01-latest-news-Nov |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health |language=en |accessdate=2021-01-30}}</ref> 10}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-4">{{REFjournal
 |last=Ferris
 |first=Jason A.
 |init=JA
 |last2=Richters
 |first2=Juliet
 |init2=J
 |last3=Pitts
 |first3=Marian K.
 |init3=MK
 |last4=Shelley
 |first4=Julia M.
 |init4=JM
 |last5=Simpson
 |first5=Judy M.
 |init5=JM
 |last6=Ryall
 |first6=Richard
 |init6=R
 |last7=Smith
 |first7=Anthony M. A.
 |init7=AMA
 |date=2010-04
 |title=Circumcision in Australia: further evidence on its effects on sexual health and wellbeing
 |journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
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 |pages=301–309
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 |date=2012-07
 |title=Circumcisions for medical reasons in the Brazilian public health system: epidemiology and trends
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 |date=2006-07
 |title=The potential impact of male circumcision on HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa
 |journal=PLoS Medicine
 |volume=3
 |issue=7
 |pages=e262
 |DOI=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030262
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 |init6=R
 |date=2009-02-01
 |title=Attitudes towards circumcision among Chinese men
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 |title=Male circumcision, penile human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners
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 |date=2002-06
 |title=Risk factors for genital HPV DNA in men resemble those found in women: a study of male attendees at a Danish STD clinic
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 |issue=3
 |pages=215–218
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 |ISSN=1368-4973
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 |title=Tinderbox: how the West sparked the AIDS epidemic and how the world can finally overcome it
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 |init=C
 |last2=Halperin
 |first2=Daniel T.
 |init2=DT
 |author2-link=Daniel T. Halperin
 |date=2013
 |publisher=Penguin Books
 |ISBN=9780143123002
 |location=New York
 |language=English
 |oclc=828769264
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 |last=Kolehmainen
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 |first3=Lindell
 |init3=L
 |date=2010
 |title=[Foreskin surgery]
 |journal=Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja
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 |pages=75–83
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 |date=2013-04
 |title=[Male circumcision is not associated with an increased prevalence of erectile dysfunction: results of the Cottbus 10,000-men survey]
 |journal=Der Urologe. Ausg. A
 |volume=52
 |issue=4
 |pages=562–569
 |DOI=10.1007/s00120-012-3112-2
 |ISSN=1433-0563
 |pubmedID=23361453
}}</ref>
<ref name="Kamtsiuris 2007">{{REFjournal
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 |init=P
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 |init2=E
 |last3=Rattay
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 |last4=Schlaud
 |init4=M
 |date=2007-05
 |title=[Use of medical services. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)]
 |journal=Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
 |volume=50
 |issue=5–6
 |pages=836–850
 |DOI=10.1007/s00103-007-0247-1
 |ISSN=1436-9990
 |pubmedID=17514470
}}</ref> 10.9}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-16">{{REFjournal
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 |first3=Jing
 |init3=J
 |date=2012-10
 |title=Acceptability of circumcision among clients of female sex worker in Hong Kong
 |journal=AIDS and Behavior
 |volume=16
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 |pages=1836–1845
 |DOI=10.1007/s10461-011-0088-7
 |ISSN=1573-3254
 |pubmedID=22080385
}}</ref> 28}}
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 |init7=M
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 |first8=Kui
 |init8=K
 |date=2013
 |title=Factors associated with the acceptability of male circumcision among men in Jamaica
 |journal=PLOS ONE
 |volume=8
 |issue=9
 |pages=e75074
 |DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0075074
 |ISSN=1932-6203
 |pubmedCID=3774608
 |pubmedID=24066164
 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...875074W
}}</ref> 14.0}}
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 |date=2012-11
 |title=Inter-rater reliability of self-reported response on foreskin status in questionnaire among Japanese adult men
 |journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections
 |volume=88
 |issue=7
 |pages=534–538
 |DOI=10.1136/sextrans-2011-050294
 |ISSN=1472-3263
 |pubmedID=22628659
}}</ref> 9.0}}
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 |date=2012-12-11
 |title=Decline in male circumcision in South Korea
 |journal=BMC Public Health
 |volume=12
 |pages=1067
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 |ISSN=1471-2458
 |pubmedCID=3526493
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}}</ref> 22.2}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":5">{{REFjournal
 |last=Albero
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 |init2=X
 |last3=Lin
 |first3=Hui-Yi
 |init3=HY
 |last4=Fulp
 |first4=William
 |init4=W
 |last5=Villa
 |first5=Luisa L.
 |init5=LL
 |last6=Lazcano-Ponce
 |first6=Eduardo
 |init6=E
 |last7=Papenfuss
 |first7=Mary
 |init7=M
 |last8=Abrahamsen
 |first8=Martha
 |init8=M
 |last9=Salmerón
 |first9=Jorge
 |init9=J
 |date=2014-02-10
 |title=Male circumcision and the incidence and clearance of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men: the HPV Infection in men (HIM) cohort study
 |journal=BMC Infectious Diseases
 |volume=14
 |pages=75
 |DOI=10.1186/1471-2334-14-75
 |ISSN=1471-2334
 |pubmedCID=3925013
 |pubmedID=24517172
}}</ref> 15.4}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref>{{REFbook |title=A guide for parents |last= |first= |publisher=The Royal Australasian College of Physicians |year= |isbn= |location=Sydney, Australia |pages= |quote=There are fewer boys being circumcised in Australia and New Zealand in recent years than in the past. Currently, only 10-20% of boys in Australia and less than 10 % of boys in New Zealand are circumcised.}}</ref> 10.0}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-20">{{REFjournal
 |last=Fergusson
 |first=David M.
 |init=DM
 |last2=Boden
 |first2=Joseph M.
 |init2=JM
 |last3=Horwood
 |first3=L. John
 |init3=LJ
 |date=2006-11
 |title=Circumcision status and risk of sexually transmitted infection in young adult males: an analysis of a longitudinal birth cohort
 |journal=Pediatrics
 |volume=118
 |issue=5
 |pages=1971–1977
 |DOI=10.1542/peds.2006-1175
 |ISSN=1098-4275
 |pubmedID=17079568
}}</ref> 33.0}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Seychelles}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{no}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Singapore}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Sint Maarten}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Slovakia}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-21">{{REFjournal
 |last=Klavs
 |init=I
 |last2=Hamers
 |init2=FF
 |date=2008-02
 |title=Male circumcision in Slovenia: results from a national probability sample survey
 |journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections
 |volume=84
 |issue=1
 |pages=49–50
 |DOI=10.1136/sti.2007.027524
 |ISSN=1472-3263
 |pubmedID=17881413
}}</ref> 8.5}}
|{{no}}
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|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Somalia}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name="auto3">{{REFweb
 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/441fcc062/behavioural-surveillance-surveys-among-refugees-surrounding-host-population.html
 |title=Behavioural Surveillance Surveys Among Refugees and Surrounding Host Population, Kakuma, Kenya
 |last=Refugees
 |first=United Nations High Commissioner for
 |website=UNHCR
 |language=en
 |accessdate=2019-05-29
}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{REFweb
 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/protection/health/4d231ca09/hiv-behavioural-surveillance-survey-dadaab-refugee-camps-kenya.html
 |title=HIV Behavioural Surveillance Survey in Dadaab Refugee Camps, Kenya
 |last=Refugees
 |first=United Nations High Commissioner for
 |website=UNHCR
 |language=en
 |accessdate=2019-05-29
}}</ref> 93.5}}
|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
|-
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|{{no}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|South Sudan}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-22">{{REFweb
 |website=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
 |url=http://www.unhcr.org/477cdccd2.pdf
 |title=HIV Behavioural Surveillance Survey Juba Municipality, South Sudan
 |format=PDF
}}</ref><ref name="Auto22-23">{{REFweb
 |website=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
 |url=http://www.unhcr.org/4d231c079.pdf
 |title=HIV Behavioural Surveillance Survey in Kajo Keji County, Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan
 |format=PDF
}}</ref> 23.6}}
|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Spain}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|[[Sweden]]}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 5.1}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Switzerland}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 5.9}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Syria}}
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|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Taiwan}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":7">{{REFjournal
 |last=Ko
 |first=Ming-Chung
 |init=MC
 |last2=Liu
 |first2=Chih-Kuang
 |init2=CK
 |last3=Lee
 |first3=Wen-Kai
 |init3=WK
 |last4=Jeng
 |first4=Huey-Sheng
 |init4=HS
 |last5=Chiang
 |first5=Han-Sun
 |init5=HS
 |last6=Li
 |first6=Chung-Yi
 |init6=CY
 |date=2007-04
 |title=Age-specific prevalence rates of phimosis and circumcision in Taiwanese boys
 |journal=Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi
 |volume=106
 |issue=4
 |pages=302–307
 |DOI=10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60256-4
 |ISSN=0929-6646
 |pubmedID=17475607
}}</ref> 8.3}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Tajikistan}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 99}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Tanzania}}
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|{{no}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8"/> 0.4}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8"/> 10}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Thailand}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-24">{{REFjournal
 |last=Tieu
 |first=Hong-Van
 |init=HV
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 |init2=N
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 |first3=Jintanat
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 |init5=T
 |last6=Pharachetsakul
 |first6=Nutthasun
 |init6=N
 |last7=Mingkwanrungrueng
 |first7=Pravit
 |init7=P
 |last8=Buajoom
 |first8=Raksakul
 |init8=R
 |last9=Teeratakulpisarn
 |first9=Somsong
 |init9=S
 |date=2010-06
 |title=Acceptability of male circumcision for the prevention of HIV among high-risk heterosexual men in Thailand
 |journal=Sexually Transmitted Diseases
 |volume=37
 |issue=6
 |pages=352–355
 |DOI=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181c9963a
 |ISSN=1537-4521
 |pubmedID=20145588
}}</ref> 11.9}}
|{{no}}
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|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8"/> 5}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Tokelau}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 95}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Tonga}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 95}}
|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Tunisia}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 95}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8"/> 0}}
|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Ukraine}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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{{End}}

==Notes==
<references group="Notes"/>

{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Global Circumcision Statistics and Estimates]]
{{REF}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Genital cutting, list of countries}}

[[Category:Genital modification and mutilation]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:Female genital mutilation]]
[[Category:Female genital mutilation by country]]
[[Category:Circumcision debate]]