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=== America ===
Circumcision, particularly male infant non-therapeutic circumcision has become entrenched in American culture. Beginning in the Victorian period, men and children were circumcised to make [[masturbation]] difficult, because [[masturbation]] was seen as the root of many diseases. Circumcising newborn infants grew into a trend which peaked during the 60's and 70's. Movements to end circumcision began in the late 70's, and so the incidence of genital intactness has increased significantly. Medicaid unlawfully pays for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision in many states <ref name="adler2011">{{REFjournal |last=Adler |first=Peter W. |init=PW |author-link=Peter W. Adler |title=It is lawful to use Medicaid to pay for circumcision? |journal=Journal of Law and Medicine |date=2011 |volume=19 |issue= |pages=335-353 |url=https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/is-it-lawful-to-use-medicaid-to-pay-for-circumcision.pdf |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2021-05-17}}</ref> and that keeps the incidence high. Be that as it may, at 70% the American male population remains largely circumcised in most states and about 1.1 million male newborns are circumcised every year.
=== Africa ===