Difference between revisions of "Amputation"

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Revision as of 14:42, 12 November 2021

Amputation is the removal of a limb or body part by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventive surgery for such problems. A special case is that of congenital amputation, a congenital disorder, where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands.[1]

In some countries, such as Afghanistan and Iran,[2] amputation was proposed, was formerly used, or is currently used to punish people who committed crimes.[3][4][5][1]

Amputation has also been used as a tactic in war and acts of terrorism; it may also occur as a war injury. In some cultures and religions, minor amputations or mutilations are considered a ritual accomplishment.[6][7][8] When done by a person, the person executing the amputation is an "amputator".[9][10][1]

References

  1. ↑ a b c REFweb Amputation, Wikipedia. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ↑ REFnews Fathi, Nazila (11 January 2008)."Spate of Executions and Amputations in Iran", The New York Times. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  3. ↑ REFconference Chuback, Jennifer E.: The history of rhinoplasty, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. University of Calgary. (March 2005)
  4. ↑ REFjournal Kocharkarn, Wachira. Traumatic amputation of the penis. Brazilian Journal of Urology. August 2000; 26: 385–389.
  5. ↑ REFbook Peters, Rudolph (2005): Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521792264.
  6. ↑ REFjournal Bosmia AN, Griessenauer CJ, Tubbs RS. Yubitsume: ritualistic self-amputation of proximal digits among the Yakuza. Journal of Injury and Violence Research. July 2014; 6(2): 54–6. PMID. DOI.
  7. ↑ REFjournal Kepe T. 'Secrets' that kill: crisis, custodianship and responsibility in ritual male circumcision in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Social Science & Medicine. March 2010; 70(5): 729–35. PMID. DOI.
  8. ↑ REFjournal Grisaru N, Lezer S, Belmaker RH. Ritual female genital surgery among Ethiopian Jews. Archives of Sexual Behavior. April 1997; 26(2): 211–5. PMID. DOI.
  9. ↑ REFweb Amputator, Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  10. ↑ REFweb Amputee, Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
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