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Male [[circumcision]] is a surgical operation that amputates a [[Foreskin| body part]] with various protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions. When considering the complications, risks, and other disadvantages, one must consider the surgical risks and also the loss of function inherent in the loss of a body part. Adverse sexual and psychological effects have been identified, that should be considered in assessing the total risk of a proposed circumcision.
A wide range of surgical complications occur in 2-10% of the cases. The risks are classified as [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and surgical mishap.<ref>Williams, N; L. Kapila (October 1993). "[http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/williams-kapila/#n14 Complications of circumcision]". ''Brit J Surg'' 80 (10): 1231-6.</ref>
Since there are approximately 120 million circumcised men in the United States today, it stands to reason that there are millions of men who suffer daily from the effects of these botched circumcisions and amputations.
Perhaps worst of all, more than 117<ref>Bollinger, Dan; Boy's Health Advisory ({{BollingerD 2010-04-26). "[https://www.academia.edu/6394940/Lost_Boys_An_Estimate_of_U.S._Circumcision-Related_Infant_Deaths Lost Boys: An Estimate of U.S. Circumcision-Related Infant Deaths"]. ''Thymos: Journal of Boyhood Studies'' 4 (1): 78–90 Retrieved 3/21/11}}</ref> to 229<ref>Baker RL. [http://www.cirp.org/library/general/baker1/ Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous]. ''Sexual Medicine Today'' 1979;3(11):35-36)</ref> infants in the U.S. die from circumcision every year.
The typical circumcision of an infant boy is a medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic surgery. It has no upside, only numerous downsides.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Complication]]
* [[Fatalities]]
* [[Foreskin]]
|first=George
|author-link=George Hill
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]]
|website=Research Hub
|date=2008-06
|first=George
|author-link=George Hill
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]]
|website=Research Hub
|date=2008-06-12
|first=George
|author-link=George Hill
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]]
|website=Research Hub
|date=2008-06-12
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]]
|website=
|date=2016-07
[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:Circumcision risksrisk]][[Category:Circumcision complication]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[de:Risiken und Komplikationen]]