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[[Image:JohnsHopkins.gif‎|right|thumb]]
[[Image:JohnsHopkins.gif‎|right|thumb]]


The [[Johns Hopkins]] Bloomberg School of Public Health funds the [[Rakai Project]].<ref>{{REFweb
The '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' funds the [[Rakai Project]].<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=Celebrating 20+ Years of Public Health Research in Uganda
  |quote=Celebrating 20+ Years of Public Health Research in Uganda
  |last=
  |last=
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  |url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/
  |url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/
  |accessdate=2011-05-02
  |accessdate=2011-05-02
}}</ref> Johns Hopkins is part of the [[Health Communication Partnership]]<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> {{FULLPAGENAME}} is part of the [[Health Communication Partnership]]<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs in partnership with Academy for Educational Development, Save the Children, The International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
  |quote=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs in partnership with Academy for Educational Development, Save the Children, The International [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] Alliance, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
  |last=
  |last=
  |first=
  |first=
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  |url=http://hcpartnership.org/
  |url=http://hcpartnership.org/
  |accessdate=2011-06-20
  |accessdate=2011-06-20
}}</ref>, which is currently promoting circumcision in Uganda via mass media.<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref>, which is currently promoting [[circumcision]] in Uganda via mass media.<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=The writer works with Health Communication Partnership
  |quote=The writer works with Health Communication Partnership
  |last=Mirembe  
  |last=Mirembe  
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  |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/758020
  |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/758020
  |accessdate=2011-06-20
  |accessdate=2011-06-20
}}</ref>
==Financial support==
The [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] has made several substantial contributions to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
===Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health===
The Bloomberg School of Public Health houses the [https://www.gatesinstitute.org/ Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health]. The [[Gates Foundation]] reports several large contributions to the Bloomberg School of Public Health. Total contributions to the Bloomberg School of Public Health exceed $241 million, while contributions to Johns Hopkins University exceed $1.09 billion.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ideas/media-center/press-releases/2003/06/bloomberg-school-of-public-health-receives-grant
|archived=
|title=Gates Foundation Commits $40 Million to Improve Reproductive Health in the Developing World
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
|website=
|date=
|accessdate=2022-01-08
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


==Rakai Project==
==Rakai Project==
The [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Sciences Program]] (RHSP) is a program that began in 1987 in Uganda, Africa to investigate the then-mysterious HIV.<ref name="rakai-history">{{REFweb
The [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Sciences Program]] (RHSP) is a program that began in 1987 in Uganda, Africa, to investigate the then-mysterious [[HIV]].<ref name="rakai-history">{{REFweb
  |last=Rakai Project
  |last=Rakai Project
  |first=
  |first=
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  |url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/about/index.html
  |url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/about/index.html
  |accessdate=2011-05-02
  |accessdate=2011-05-02
}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is headed by husband and wife team [[Ronald Gray]] and [[Maria Wawer]] (the Senior Principal Investigators),<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is headed by husband and wife team [[Ronald Gray]] & [[Maria Wawer]] (the Senior Principal Investigators),<ref>{{REFweb
  |last=Rakai Project
  |last=Rakai Project
  |first=
  |first=
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  |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k
  |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is funded by the [[Johns Hopkins]] Bloomberg School for Public Health, the Uguanda Virus Research Institute, the [[National Institutes of Health]], and the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is funded by the {{FULLPAGENAME}}, the Uganda Virus Research Institute, the [[National Institutes of Health]], and the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref>{{REFweb
  |last=Rakai Project
  |last=Rakai Project
  |first=
  |first=
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}}</ref><ref>{{REFbook
}}</ref><ref>{{REFbook
  |last=Kong  
  |last=Kong  
  |first=Xiangrong  
  |first=Xiangrong
  |year=28 February 2011
|init=X
  |year=2011
|date=2011-02-28
  |title=Longer-term Effects of Male Circumcision on HIV Incidence and Risk Behaviors during Post-trial Surveillance in Rakai, Uganda
  |title=Longer-term Effects of Male Circumcision on HIV Incidence and Risk Behaviors during Post-trial Surveillance in Rakai, Uganda
  |url=http://www.retroconference.org/2011/Abstracts/41239.htm
  |url=http://www.retroconference.org/2011/Abstracts/41239.htm
Line 78: Line 101:


===History of the Rakai Project===
===History of the Rakai Project===
The [[Rakai Project]] was created in 1987 by a group of scientists from Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda who decided to investigate HIV infection in the Rakai district by initiating a small community cohort study. The original senior Principal Investigators of the [[Rakai Project]] were Nelson Sewankambo, David Serwadda, and [[Maria Wawer]].<ref name="rakai-history"/> The [[Rakai Project]] has since changed its name to the [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Services Program]], and has a current staff of just under 400 principal investigators, multidisciplinary professionals, and support staff.<ref name="rakai-history"/>
The [[Rakai Project]] was created in 1987 by a group of scientists from {{UNI|Makerere University|Mak}} in Kampala, Uganda, who decided to investigate [[HIV]] infection in the Rakai district by initiating a small community cohort study. The original senior Principal Investigators of the [[Rakai Project]] were Nelson Sewankambo, David Serwadda, and [[Maria Wawer]].<ref name="rakai-history"/> The [[Rakai Project]] has since changed its name to the [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Services Program]], and has a current staff of just under 400 principal investigators, multidisciplinary professionals, and support staff.<ref name="rakai-history"/>


===Promoting Circumcision as an HIV Prevention Method===
===Promoting Circumcision as an HIV Prevention Method===
The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] promotes mass circumcision as a means to prevent the spread of HIV. A Youtube video uploaded by the [[Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health]] highlights the [[RHSP|RHSP's]] mass circumcision program.<ref name="rakai-jhsph"/>
The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] promotes mass [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]] as a means to prevent the spread of [[HIV]]. A Youtube video uploaded by the {{FULLPAGENAME}} highlights the [[RHSP|RHSP's]] mass circumcision program.<ref name="rakai-jhsph"/>


{{Citation
{{Citation
Line 92: Line 115:


==== Circumcision Manual ====
==== Circumcision Manual ====
In partnership with other WHO departments, UNAIDS, and the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) has developed a Manual for male infant circumcision under local anaesthesia.<ref>{{REFbook
In partnership with other [[WHO]] departments, [[UNAIDS]], and the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) has developed a Manual for male infant [[circumcision]] under local anaesthesia.<ref>{{REFbook
  |last=World Health Organization
  |last=World Health Organization
  |author-link=World Health Organization
  |author-link=World Health Organization
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  |note=
  |note=
  |accessdate=2011-06-01
  |accessdate=2011-06-01
}}</ref>  The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated circumcision on infants, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery.
}}</ref>  The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated [[circumcision]] on infants, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery.


==== Music Video ====
==== Music Video ====
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


{| border=0 style="width: 25%" cellpadding="0"
== Video ==
| <youtube>0rtEdNl322Q</youtube>
<youtube>0rtEdNl322Q</youtube>


{{Citation
{{Citation
Line 143: Line 166:
  |Text=Circumcision has got many benefits. You'll become clean, clean, and cleaner... and when the men are circumcised, it reduces sexual infections in women. Circumcision is SO GOOD. Circumcision is SO SAFE. Men should be circumcised!
  |Text=Circumcision has got many benefits. You'll become clean, clean, and cleaner... and when the men are circumcised, it reduces sexual infections in women. Circumcision is SO GOOD. Circumcision is SO SAFE. Men should be circumcised!
}}
}}
|}


== Original Research ==
== Original Research ==
Johns Hopkins did research<ref>http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61967-8/abstract</ref> which showed circumcision offered a protective benefit against HPV. This was later debunked<ref>http://intactnews.org/node/119/1314979135/circumcision-does-not-prevent-hpv-infection-rct-data-039inflated039-study-finds</ref>.
Johns Hopkins did research<ref>http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61967-8/abstract</ref> which showed circumcision offered a protective benefit against HPV. This was later debunked<ref>http://intactnews.org/node/119/1314979135/circumcision-does-not-prevent-hpv-infection-rct-data-039inflated039-study-finds</ref>.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision and HIV]]
* [[Johns Hopkins University]]


{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* [http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ Rakai Health Sciences Program] home page at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health.
 
* [http://www.jhu.edu/ Johns Hopkins University] home page at the John Hopkins University website.
* {{URLwebsite|https://publichealth.jhu.edu|2022-01-05}}
 
* [http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ Rakai Health Sciences Program] home page at the {{FULLPAGENAME}}.
 
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
|archived=
|title=HIV/AIDS
|trans-title=
|language=English
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
|website=
|date=2020
|accessdate=2020-07-16
|format=
|quote=
}}


{{REF}}
{{REF}}


[[Category:Institutions]]
[[Category:Institution]]
[[Category:Bankrollers]]
[[Category:Bankroller]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
 
[[Category:Promoter]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]


[[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
[[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
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