Changes

The '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' funds the [[ImageRakai Project]].<ref>{{REFweb |quote=Celebrating 20+ Years of Public Health Research in Uganda |last= |first= |publisher= |date= |title=Rakai Health Sciences Program |url=http:John_hopkins//www.gif‎jhsph.edu/rakai/ |accessdate=2011-05-02}}</ref> {{FULLPAGENAME}} is part of the [[Health Communication Partnership]]<ref>{{REFweb |quote=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs in partnership with Academy for Educational Development, Save the Children, The International [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] Alliance, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine |last= |first= |publisher= |date= |title=HCP: Inspiring Voices Collective Action |righturl=http://hcpartnership.org/ |thumbaccessdate=2011-06-20}}</ref>, which is currently promoting [[circumcision]]in Uganda via mass media.<ref>{{REFweb |quote=The writer works with Health Communication Partnership |last=Mirembe |first=Irene |publisher=New Vision - Uganda's Leading Website |date=2011-06-19 |title=Embrace male circumcision to reduce HIV |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/758020 |accessdate=2011-06-20}}</ref>

==Financial support==The [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] has made several substantial contributions to the Johns Hopkins]] Bloomberg School of Public Health funds the [[Rakai Project]].<ref>{{REFwebQuote | quote===Celebrating 20+ Years of Public Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Research in Uganda | last= | first= | publisher= | year= | urltitle=Rakai The Bloomberg School of Public Health Sciences Program | url=httphouses the [https://www.jhsphgatesinstitute.eduorg/rakai/ | accessdate=2011-05-02}}</ref> Johns Hopkins is part of the Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health]. The [[Health Communication PartnershipGates Foundation]]<ref>{{REFwebQuote | quote=Johns Hopkins reports several large contributions to the Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs in partnership with Academy for Educational Development, Save . Total contributions to the Children, The International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Tulane University Bloomberg School of Public Health and Tropical Medicineexceed $241 million, while contributions to Johns Hopkins University exceed $1.09 billion.<ref>{{REFweb | lasturl=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ideas/media-center/press-releases/2003/06/bloomberg-school-of-public-health-receives-grant | firstarchived= | publishertitle=Gates Foundation Commits $40 Million to Improve Reproductive Health in the Developing World | yeartrans-title= | urltitlelanguage=HCP: Inspiring Voices Collective Action | urllast=http://hcpartnership.org/ | accessdatefirst=2011-06-20}}</ref>, which is currently promoting circumcision in Uganda via mass media.<ref>{{REFwebQuote | quoteauthor-link=The writer works with Health Communication Partnership | lastpublisher=Mirembe Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation | firstwebsite=Irene | publisherdate=New Vision - Uganda's Leading Website | yearaccessdate=20112022-0601-1908 | urltitleformat=Embrace male circumcision to reduce HIV | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/758020 | accessdatequote=2011-06-20

The [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Sciences Program]] (RHSP) is a program that began in 1987 in UguandaUganda, Africa , to investigate the then-mysterious [[HIV]].<ref name="rakai-history">{{REFweb | last=Rakai Project | first= | yeardate= | title=History of the Rakai Health Sciences Program | url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/about/index.html | accessdate=2011-05-02}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is headed by husband and wife team [[Ronald Gray]] and & [[Maria Wawer]] (the Senior Principal Investigators),<ref>{{REFweb | last=Rakai Project | first= | yeardate= | title=Our People at Johns Hopkins University | url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/our_people/jhu.html | accessdate=2011-05-02

| last=JohnsHopkinsSPH | first= | yeardate=12/1/2012-01-10 | title=Rakai Project | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k | accessdate=}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is funded by the [[Johns Hopkins]] Bloomberg School for Public Health{{FULLPAGENAME}}, the Uguanda Uganda Virus Research Institute, the [[National Institutes of Health]], and the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref>{{REFweb | last=Rakai Project | first= | yeardate= | title=Rakai Health Sciences Program | url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ | accessdate=2011-05-02

| last=Kong | first=Xiangrong |init=X | year=February 2011 |date=2011-02-28, 2011 | title=Longer-term Effects of Male Circumcision on HIV Incidence and Risk Behaviors during Post-trial Surveillance in Rakai, Uganda | url=http://www.retroconference.org/2011/Abstracts/41239.htm | editor=18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections | edition= | volume= | chapter= | pagespage=36 | location=Boston, Massachusetts | publisher= | isbn= | note= | accessdate=2011-05-02

The [[Rakai Project]] was created in 1987 by a group of scientists from {{UNI|Makerere University |Mak}} in Kampala, Uganda , who decided to investigate [[HIV ]] infection in the Rakai district by initiating a small community cohort study. The original senior Principal Investigators of the [[Rakai Project]] were Nelson Sewankambo, David Serwadda, and [[Maria Wawer]].<ref name="rakai-history"/> The [[Rakai Project]] has since changed its name to the [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Services Program]], and has a current staff of just under 400 principal investigators, multidisciplinary professionals, and support staff.<ref name="rakai-history"/>

The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] promotes mass [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision ]] as a means to prevent the spread of [[HIV]]. A Youtube video uploaded by the [[Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health]] {{FULLPAGENAME}} highlights the [[RHSP|RHSP's]] mass circumcision program.<ref name="rakai-jhsph"/>

| Title=Rakai Project Doctor Promotes Circumcision | Text=It's been hard to change policy because it's a whole new paradigm. We've never used surgery to prevent an infectious disease. Policy makers had to take some time to really wrap their minds around it. | Author=Ronald Gray | Source=''Rakai Project.'' YouTube| lang=| before=| after=| Transcription=| Translation= | ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=07m29s JohnsHopkinsSPH. (2010). ''Rakai Project.'' YouTube]</ref>

In partnership with other [[WHO ]] departments, [[UNAIDS]], and the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) has developed a Manual for male infant [[circumcision ]] under local anaesthesia.<ref>{{REFbook | last=World Health Organization; JHPIEGO |author-link=World Health Organization | first= |last2=JHPIEGO | year=2010 | title=Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia | url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500753_eng.pdf | editor= | edition= | volume= | chapter= | pages= | location=Geneva, Switzerland | publisher=WHO Document Production Services | isbn=9789241500753 | note= | accessdate=2011-06-01}}</ref> The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated [[circumcision ]] on infants, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery.

| last=JohnsHopkinsSPH | first= | yeardate=2010-12/1/10-01 | title=Rakai Project | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=08m37s | accessdate=

| last=smugamba | first= | yeardate=6/10/2010-06-10 | title=Rakai male circumcision video by Stephen Mugamba feat Jemima Sanyu.mpg | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rtEdNl322Q | accessdate=

{| border=0 align="center" styleVideo ="width: 25%" cellpadding="0"| <center><youtube>0rtEdNl322Q</youtube></center>

| Title=Chorus Lyrics | Text=It's a global recommendation

| Title=Bridge/Outro Lyrics (female singer) | Text=Circumcision has got many benefits. You'll become clean, clean, and cleaner... and when the men are circumcised, it reduces sexual infections in women. Circumcision is SO GOOD. Circumcision is SO SAFE. Men should be circumcised!

==Original Research=={{SEEALSO}}* [[Circumcision and HIV]]* [[Johns Hopkins did research<ref>http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61967-8/abstract</ref> which showed circumcision offered a protective benefit against HPV. This was later debunked<ref>http://intactnews.org/node/119/1314979135/circumcision-does-not-prevent-hpv-infection-rct-data-039inflated039-study-finds</ref>.University]]

 * {{URLwebsite|https://publichealth.jhu.edu|2022-01-05}} * [http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ Rakai Health Sciences Program] home page at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health{{FULLPAGENAME}}. * [http{{REFweb |url=https://www.jhudoctorsopposingcircumcision.eduorg/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/ |archived= |title=HIV/ Johns Hopkins UniversityAIDS |trans-title= |language=English |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] home page at the John Hopkins University |website.= |date=2020 |accessdate=2020-07-16 |format= |quote=}}

[[Category:InstitutionsInstitution]][[Category:BankrollersBankroller]]

[[Category:Promoter]][[Category:From CircLeaks]][[Category:From IntactWiki]]

[[Categoryde:Construction Site]][[Category:From IntactWiki{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]