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'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' with a non-retractile [[foreskin]] in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] frequently presents unique issues caused by the poor training and lack of knowledge of North American health care providers, who do not know how to insert a catheter when the boy has an [[intact]] foreskin. Such providers may attempt premature [[forced foreskin retraction]] to the harm of the boy or even demand that the boy be [[circumcised]] to permit catheter insertion.
This problem does not occur in other advanced nations where health care providers are properly trained in the care of [[intact]] boys. Carmack & Milos (2017) identified the issue with intact boys and provided all necessary information on the technique of installing a catheter in an intact boy.<ref name="carmack2017">{{REFjournal |last=Carmack |first=Adrienne |init= |author-link= |last2=Milos |first2=Marlilyn F. |init2= |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Catheterization without foreskin retraction |trans-title= |language= |journal=Can Fam Physician |location= |date=2017-03 |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=218-220 |url= |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=28292801 |pubmedCID=5349724 |DOI= |accessdate=}}</ref>
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