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'''Adverse Childhood Experiences''' (ACEs) harm children's developing brains. <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Anand |first= |init=KJS |author-link= |last2=Scalzo |first2= |init2=FM |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Can Adverse Neonatal Experiences Alter Brain Development and Subsequent Behavior? |trans-title= |language= |journal=Biol Neonate |location= |date=2000 |season= |volume=77 |issue=2 |article= |page= |pages=69-8210657682 |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/pain/anand4/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI= |doi= |accessdate=2023-08-06}}</ref> They lead to changing how children respond to [http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/gunnar/ stress] and damaging their immune systems so profoundly that the effects show up decades later. ACEs cause much of our chronic disease burden, most mental illness, and are at the root of violence.<ref>{{REFweb