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Genital cutting/List of countries

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{{Construction Site}} In males, '''[[circumcision]]''' consists of removing the [[prepuce ]] of the [[penis ]] (the [[foreskin]]). Circumcision is practiced on young Muslim boys (known as [[Khitan (circumcision)|''khitan'']]) and on newborn Jewish infants (known as ''[[brit milahBrit Milah]]''), as well as on non-Jewish or Muslim infants in the [[United States ]] as a hospital procedure.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Wiswell
|first=Thomas E.
|language=en-us
|accessdate=2019-08-31
}}</ref> Jacobsen et al. (2021) used data from 2003 through 2016 from the Kid's Inpatient Database of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to compare [[intact]] with [[circumcised]] boys in the first 28 days of life. The authors reported a gradual declining trend in the incidence of neonatal non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] throughout the study period. The overall incidence of circumcision decreased from 57.4 percent in 2003 to 52.1 percent in 2016 over the 13 year study period or 5.3 percentage points for an average decrease of 0.4 percentage point per year. The author noted "neonatal circumcision rates decreased significantly over time."<ref name="jacobson2021">{{REFjournal |last=Jacobson |first=Deborah L. |init= |author-link= |last2=Balmert |first2=Lauren C. |init2= |author2-link= |last3=Holl |first3=Jane L. |init3= |author3-link= |last4=Rosoklija |first4=Ilina |init4= |author4-link= |last5=Davis |first5=Matthew M. |init5= |author5-link= |last6=Johnson |first6Emilie K. |init6= |author6-link= |etal=no |title=Nationwide Circumcision Trends: 2003 to 2016 |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Urol |location= |date=2021-01 |volume=205 |issue=1 |article= |pages=257-63 |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1097/JU.0000000000001316 |pubmedID=32716676 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000001316 |accessdate=2023-06-22}}</ref> It used to be, but is no longer, a common procedure in [[Australia]]<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.circinfo.org/statistics.html
|title=Australian circumcision statistics {{!}} Circinfo.org
The procedures of '''[[female genital mutilation]]''' (FGM) are significantly more extensive.<ref name=Nussbaum1999p119/> FGM has no medical benefits and can cause serious harm to women's physical and mental health, depending on the procedure and whether it was performed by traditional cutters or medical personnel.<ref name=WHO2019/> Known until the early 1990s as "female circumcision", the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) and other agencies began referring to it as "female genital mutilation" to remove any analogy to male circumcision.<ref>{{REFbook
|last1last=Cappa |first1first=Claudia |init=C
|etal=yes
|title=Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Statistical Overview and Exploration of the Dynamics of Change
|pages=6–7
}}</ref><ref name=Nussbaum1999p119>{{REFbook
|last1last=Nussbaum |first1first=Martha |init=M
|author-link=Martha Nussbaum
|title=Sex and Social Justice
|date=1999
|publisher={{UNI|Oxford University |Oxon}} Press
|location=New York and Oxford
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zoaKIolT9oC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=9780195355017
|page=119
}}</ref> It is outlawed around the world, including in many of the countries in which it is most heavily concentrated.<ref>[[UNICEF ]] 2013, pp. 8-9</ref> Found mainly in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, the practice is divided by the WHO into [[Female genital mutilation#Types|four types]]:<ref name=WHO2019>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation
|title=Female genital mutilation
}}</ref>
* '''Type 1''' ([[clitoridectomy]]) is the partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]]; "in very rare cases", according to the WHO, it involves removal of the [[clitoral hood]] only (the prepuce, or [[skin ]] around the [[clitoral glans]]).* '''Type 2''' ([[excision]]) is the partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]], [[labia minora|inner labia]], and sometimes the [[labia majora|outer labia]].* '''Type 3''' ([[infibulation]]) is the removal of the inner and outer labia and the creation of a seal over the [[vagina]] by stitching the two sides or by otherwise allowing them to bond, leaving a small hole for the passage of [[urine ]] and menstrual blood; this is performed with and without [[clitoridectomy]].
* '''Type 4''' is "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area".<ref name=WHO2019/>
== Table ==
{{Rank |rows={{TRC|tableno=2|ignore=2}} |header-lines=2 |caption='''Prevalence of genital cutting by sex, age and country'''<ref group="Notes">Mostly all international data, including that republished by the other two most cited sources here, Morris et al. (2016)<!--<ref name=":3"/>--> and [[UNICEF]],<!--<ref name=":8"/>--> for circumcision and FGM respectively, is from [[USAID]]'s [[Demographic and Health Surveys]]. Wherever possible, the primary, rather than the secondary, source is cited. The prevalence rates reflect the most recent surveys available, and are adjusted for sample biases against age distributions. Cells aggregating data across sexes and ages are without citation and are estimated from segmented data along with each country's age distributions and [[List of countries by sex ratio|sex ratio]]. Data missing or unavailable for FGM is denoted by {{'''N/a}}A'''. Data without citation for prevalence of circumcision among boys aged 0–14 is copied from sourced data for males aged 15 and older, as mostly all ritual circumcisions are done either in childhood, right before puberty (e.g. Islam) or days after birth (e.g. Islam and Judaism).</ref>}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right"
|- style="align-vertical=bottom"
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Afghanistan}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-1">{{REFjournal |last=ICF |last2=Health/Afghanistan |first2=Ministry of Public |last3=Organization/Afghanistan |first3=Central Statistics |date=2017-01-01 |title=Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015 |url=https://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR323-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm |language=en}}</ref> 98.1}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0">{{REFweb |url=https://www.dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm |title=The DHS Program - Data |website=www.dhsprogram.com |access-date=2019-05-30}}</ref> 99.1}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Albania}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 31.5}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 36.8}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|align=left|{{Flag|Algeria}}
|{{decimal cell|97.9}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3">{{REFjournal |last=Morris |first=Brian J. |init=BJ |author-link=Brian J. Morris |last2=Wamai |first2=Richard G. |init2=RG |last3=Henebeng |first3=Esther B. |init3=EB |last4=Tobian |first4=Aaron A. R. |init4=AAR |author4-link=Aaron Tobian |last5=Klausner |first5=Jeffrey D. |init5=JD |last6=Banerjee |first6=Joya |init6=J |last7=Hankins |first7=Catherine A. |init7=CA |date=2016-04-04 |title=Erratum to: Estimation of country-specific and global prevalence of male circumcision |journal=Population Health Metrics |volume=14 |pages=11 |DOI=10.1186/s12963-016-0080-6 |ISSN=1478-7954 |pubmedCID=4820865 |pubmedID=27051352}}</ref> 97.9}}|{{no}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="auto1">{{REFweb |url=http://archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/fgm-prov-a.htm |title=Female genital mutilation: Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan |website=Archive.ipu.org |accessdate=2019-08-28}}</ref> 0}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="auto1"/> 0}}|{{yes}}|-|align=left|{{Flag|American Samoa}}|{{decimal cell|95}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 95}}
|{{no}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 1.1}}
|{{no}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 96.1}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 96.2}}
|{{no}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 0.3}}
|{{no}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 0.6}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|align=left|{{Flag|Argentina}}
|{{decimal cell|2.9}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 2.9}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|align=left|{{Flag|Armenia}}
|{{decimal cell|0.1}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 0.1}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
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|{{decimal cell|0.46}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 0.46}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|[[Australia]]}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-2">{{REFweb |url=http://medicarestatistics.humanservices.gov.au/statistics/do.jsp?_PROGRAM=%2Fstatistics%2Fmbs_item_standard_report&DRILL=ag&group=30653%2C30654%2C30656%2C30658%2C30659%2C30660%09%09%09%09&VAR=services&STAT=count&RPT_FMT=by+time+period+and+state&PTYPE=calyear&START_DT=199401&END_DT=202012 |title=Medicare Australia - Statistics - Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) Item Statistics |website=medicarestatistics.humanservices.gov.au |accessdate=2019-05-30}}</ref><ref name="Auto22-3">{{REFweb |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/Population |title=Population |date=2019-05-31 |website=www.abs.gov.au |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |language=en |accessdate=2019-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb |title=The 1 November 2016 MBS (XML, PDF, DOC, ZIP) files are now available to download |url=http://www.mbsonline.gov.au/internet/mbsonline/publishing.nsf/Content/news-2016-11-01-latest-news-Nov |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health |language=en |accessdate=2021-01-30}}</ref> 15.910}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-4"/> 58}}{{REFjournal |last=Ferris |{{no}}first=Jason A. |colspaninit="2" {{N/a}}JA |colspanlast2="2" {{N/a}}Richters |{{yes}}first2=Juliet |-init2=J |alignlast3=leftPitts |{{Flagfirst3=Marian K. |Austria}}init3=MK |{{decimal celllast4=Shelley |5first4=Julia M.8}} |init4=JM |{{decimal celllast5=Simpson |<ref namefirst5=":3" /> 5Judy M.8}} |init5=JM |last6=Ryall |first6=Richard |{{no}}init6=R |colspanlast7="2" {{N/a}}Smith |colspanfirst7="2" {{N/a}}Anthony M. A. |{{yes}}init7=AMA |date=2010-04 |aligntitle=leftCircumcision in Australia: further evidence on its effects on sexual health and wellbeing |{{Flagjournal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health |volume=34 |Azerbaijan}}issue=2 |{{decimal cellpages=160–164 |96DOI=10.1111/j.9}}1753-6405.2010.00501.x |{{decimal cellISSN=1753-6405 |pubmedID=23331360}}</ref name=":0" /> 96.940}}|{{no}}|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|BahrainAzerbaijan}}|{{decimal cell|8196.29}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":30" /> 8196.29}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|BangladeshBahamas}}|{{decimal cell|930.2}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-5:3"/> 930.2}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|BarbadosBahrain}}|{{decimal cell|081.92}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 081.92}}
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|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|BelarusBangladesh}}|{{decimal cell|093.322}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3Auto22-5" /> 0.32}}|{{no}}REFjournal |colspanlast="2" {{N/a}}Sabin |colspaninit="2" {{N/a}}KM |{{yes}}last2=Rahman |-init2=M |alignlast3=leftHawkes |{{Flaginit3=S |Belgium}}last4=Ahsan |{{decimal cellinit4=K |22.6}}last5=Begum |{{decimal cellinit5=L |<ref namelast6="Auto22-6"/> 22.6}}Black |{{no}}init6=RE |colspanlast7="2" {{N/a}}Baqui |colspaninit7="2" {{N/a}}AH |{{yes}}date=2003-09 |-title=Sexually transmitted infections prevalence rates in slum communities of Dhaka, Bangladesh |alignjournal=leftInternational Journal of STD & AIDS |{{Flagvolume=14 |Belize}}issue=9 |{{decimal cellpages=614–621 |0DOI=10.1}}1258/095646203322301077 |{{decimal cellISSN=0956-4624 |pubmedID=14511498}}</ref name=":3" /> 093.12}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|BeninBarbados}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 95.5}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 94.7}}|{{no}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8" /> 0.2}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8" /> 9}}|{{yes}}|-|align=left|{{Flag|Bermuda}}|{{decimal cell|0.8}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 0.89}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|BhutanBelarus}}|{{decimal cell|10.032}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 10.032}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|BoliviaBelgium}}|{{decimal cell|022.116}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3Auto22-6" >{{REFjournal |last=Bronselaer |first=Guy A. |last2=Schober |first2=Justine M. |last3=Meyer-Bahlburg |first3=Heino F. L. |last4=T'Sjoen |first4=Guy |last5=Vlietinck |first5=Robert |last6=Hoebeke |first6=Piet B. |date=2013-05 |title=Male circumcision decreases penile sensitivity as measured in a large cohort |journal=BJU Int |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=820–7 |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11761.x |issn=1464-410X |pubmedID=23374102 |s2cid=25379775}}</ref> 022.116}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|BotswanaBenin}}|{{decimal cell|15<ref name=":0"/> 95.15}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22:0"/> 94.7}}|{{no}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8">{{REFweb |url=https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/ |title=Female genital mutilation |website=[[UNICEF]] DATA |language=en-US |accessdate=2019-705-22}}</ref> 0.2}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8"/>9}}|{{yes}}|-|align=left|{{Flag|Bermuda}}|{{decimal cell|0.8}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":43"/> 150.18}}
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|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|BulgariaBotswana}}|{{decimal cell|1315.41}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3Auto22-7" /> 13.4}}{{REFjournal |{{no}}last=Ayiga |colspaninit="2" {{N/a}} |colspanlast2="2" {{N/a}}Letamo |{{yes}}init2=G |date=2011-12 |title=Impact of male circumcision on HIV risk compensation through the impediment of condom use in Botswana |journal=African Health Sciences |volume=11 |alignissue=left4 |{{Flagpages=550–559 |Burkina Faso}}ISSN=1729-0503 |{{decimal cellpubmedCID=3362967 |pubmedID=22649434}}</ref><ref name=":04" /> 85.1}}|{{decimal cellREFjournal |<ref namelast=":0" /> 88.7}}Andersson |{{no}}first=Neil |{{decimal cellinit=N |<ref namelast2=":8" /> 13}}Cockcroft |{{decimal cellfirst2=Anne |<ref nameinit2=":8" /> 76}}A |{{yes}}date=2012 |title=Male circumcision, attitudes to HIV prevention and HIV status: a cross-sectional study in Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland |alignjournal=leftAIDS Care |{{Flagvolume=24 |Burundi}}issue=3 |{{decimal cellpages=301–309 |<ref nameDOI=":0" 10.1080/> 1909540121.2011.3}}608793 |ISSN=1360-0451 |{{decimal cellpubmedCID=3379742 |pubmedID=21933035}}</ref name=":0" /> 4115.61}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Cabo VerdeBrazil}}|{{decimal cell|01.13}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3Auto22-8" /> 0.1}}{{REFjournal |last=Korkes |first=Fernando |init=F |last2=Silva |first2=Jarques Lucio |{{no}}init2=JL |colspanlast3="2" {{N/a}}Pompeo |colspanfirst3="2" {{N/a}}Antonio Carlos Lima |{{yes}}init3=ACL |date=2012-07 |aligntitle=leftCircumcisions for medical reasons in the Brazilian public health system: epidemiology and trends |{{Flagjournal=Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=342–346 |Cambodia}}ISSN=2317-6385 |{{decimal cellpubmedID=23386015 |2DOI=10.11590/S1679-45082012000300015}}|{{decimal cell|</ref name=":0" /> 21.13}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Cocos Islands[[Canada]]}}|{{decimal cell|9531.9}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":36" >Public Health Agency of Canada. [http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/pdf/tab-eng.pdf What Mothers Say]. Data Tables to The Maternity Experiences Survey (MES) 2006–2007. Table 38. 2011. p.267.</ref> 9531.9}}
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|{{decimal cell |<ref namecolspan="auto22">{{REFnews |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-girls-fgm-idUSKBN0LA2FX20150206 |title=Colombia's Embera tribe hopes to eradicate FGM by 2030 |date=2015-02-06 |website=Reuters |accessdate=2019-10-11 |language=en}}<N/ref> 0.47a}}|{{decimal cell |<ref namecolspan="auto22"{{N/> 0.47a}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|ComorosCentral African Republic}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 10063.0}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":02" /> 99{{REFjournal |last=Williams |first=Brian G. |init=BG |last2=Lloyd-Smith |first2=James O.5}} |init2=JO |last3=Gouws |first3=Eleanor |init3=E |last4=Hankins |{{no}}first4=Catherine |{{decimal cellinit4=C |<ref namelast5="auto">[[Prevalence of female genital mutilation by country#BorderGetz |UK Border Agency]], pfirst5=Wayne M. 20</ref> 0}} |init5=WM |last6=Hargrove |first6=John |init6=J |last7=de Zoysa |first7=Isabelle |init7=I |last8=Dye |first8=Christopher |init8=C |{{decimal celllast9=Auvert |<ref namefirst9="auto"/> 0}}Bertran |{{yes}}init9=B |author9-link=Bertran Auvert |aligndate=left2006-07 |{{Flagtitle=The potential impact of male circumcision on HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa |Congo, Democratic Republic of}}journal=PLoS Medicine |{{decimal cellvolume=3 |<ref nameissue=":0" /> 95.2}}7 |{{decimal cellpages=e262 |<ref nameDOI=":0" 10.1371/> 97journal.pmed.2}}0030262 |{{no}}ISSN=1549-1676 |colspanpubmedCID="2" {{N/a}}1489185 |colspanpubmedID="2" {{N/a16822094}}|{{yes</ref> 63.0}}|-|align=left|{{Flag|Congo, Republic ofno}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":08" /> 100.01}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":08" /> 99.2}}|{{no}}|colspan="2" {{N/a}}|colspan="2" {{N/a24}}|{{yes}}
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|colspan{{decimal cell|<ref name="2:8" {{N/a> 10}}|colspan{{decimal cell|<ref name="2:8" {{N/a> 38}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire[[China]]}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 9414.0}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0Auto22-9" /> 96{{REFjournal |last=Sullivan |first=Sheena G.7}} |init=SG |last2=Ma |first2=Wei |init2=W |last3=Duan |first3=Song |init3=S |last4=Li |first4=Fan |init4=F |{{no}}last5=Wu |{{decimal cellfirst5=Zunyou |<ref nameinit5=":8" /> 10}}Z |{{decimal celllast6=Detels |<ref namefirst6=":8" /> 37}}Roger |{{yes}}init6=R |date=2009-02-01 |title=Attitudes towards circumcision among Chinese men |alignjournal=leftJournal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |{{Flagvolume=50 |Croatia}}issue=2 |{{decimal cellpages=238–240 |1DOI=10.1097/QAI.34}}0b013e31818d5e27 |{{decimal cellISSN=1525-4135 |pubmedID=19155772}}</ref name=":3" /> 114.340}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|GermanyEquatorial Guinea}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-14"/> 10.987}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22:1">{{REFbook |title=Tinderbox: how the West sparked the AIDS epidemic and how the world can finally overcome it |last=Timberg |first=Craig |init=C |last2=Halperin |first2=Daniel T. |init2=DT |author2-15"link=Daniel T. Halperin |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin Books |ISBN=9780143123002 |location=New York |language=English |oclc=828769264}}</ref> 6.787}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|South KoreaHong Kong}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-19" /> 22.228}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-1916">{{REFjournal |last=Wang |first=Zixin |init=Z |last2=Lau |first2=Joseph T. F. |init2=JTF |last3=Gu |first3=Jing |init3=J |date=2012-10 |title=Acceptability of circumcision among clients of female sex worker in Hong Kong |journal=AIDS and Behavior |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=1836–1845 |DOI=10.1007/s10461-011-0088-7 |ISSN=1573-3254 |pubmedID=22080385}}</ref> 81.628}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{yes}}
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|KyrgyzstanIndia}}|{{decimal cell|9115.97}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 9115.97}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|LiechtensteinItaly}}|{{decimal cell|42.86}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 42.86}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|LithuaniaJamaica}}|{{decimal cell|14.0.2}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3Auto22-17" /> 0{{REFjournal |last=Walcott |first=Melonie M.2}} |init=MM |last2=Jolly |{{no}}first2=Pauline E. |colspaninit2="2" {{N/a}}PE |colspanlast3="2" {{N/a}}Ehiri |{{yes}}first3=John E. |-init3=JE |alignlast4=leftFunkhouser |{{Flagfirst4=Ellen |Luxembourg}}init4=E |{{decimal celllast5=Kempf |2first5=Mirjam C.4}} |init5=MC |last6=Hickman |first6=Deborah |init6=D |last7=Aung |{{decimal cellfirst7=Maung |<ref nameinit7=":3" /> 2.4}}M |{{no}}last8=Zhang |colspanfirst8="2" {{N/a}}Kui |colspaninit8="2" {{N/a}}K |{{yes}}date=2013 |-title=Factors associated with the acceptability of male circumcision among men in Jamaica |alignjournal=leftPLOS ONE |{{Flagvolume=8 |Macau}}issue=9 |{{decimal cellpages=e75074 |0DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.1}}0075074 |ISSN=1932-6203 |pubmedCID=3774608 |{{decimal cellpubmedID=24066164 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...875074W}}</ref name=":3" /> 14.0.1}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{no}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|PalauMexico}}|{{decimal cell|9515.4}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":35" /> 95}}{{REFjournal |last=Albero |first=Ginesa |init=G |{{no}}last2=Castellsagué |colspanfirst2="2" {{N/a}}Xavier |colspaninit2="2" {{N/a}}X |{{yes}}last3=Lin |first3=Hui-Yi |aligninit3=leftHY |{{Flaglast4=Fulp |first4=William |Panama}}init4=W |{{decimal celllast5=Villa |1first5=Luisa L.0}} |init5=LL |last6=Lazcano-Ponce |first6=Eduardo |init6=E |last7=Papenfuss |first7=Mary |init7=M |last8=Abrahamsen |first8=Martha |init8=M |last9=Salmerón |first9=Jorge |init9=J |{{decimal celldate=2014-02-10 |<ref nametitle="Male circumcision and the incidence and clearance of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men:3" the HPV Infection in men (HIM) cohort study |journal=BMC Infectious Diseases |volume=14 |pages=75 |DOI=10.1186/1471-2334-14-75 |ISSN=1471-2334 |pubmedCID=3925013 |pubmedID=24517172}}</ref> 115.04}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Saint Kitts[[New Zealand]]}}|{{decimal cell|<ref>{{REFbook |title=A guide for parents |last= |first= |publisher=The Royal Australasian College of Physicians |year= |isbn= |location=Sydney, Australia |pages= |quote=There are fewer boys being circumcised in Australia and New Zealand in recent years than in the past. Currently, only 10-20% of boys in Australia and less than 10 % of boys in New Zealand are circumcised.}}</ref> 10.0.3}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-20">{{REFjournal |last=Fergusson |first=David M. |init=DM |last2=Boden |first2=Joseph M. |init2=JM |last3=Horwood |first3=L. John |init3=LJ |date=2006-11 |title=Circumcision status and risk of sexually transmitted infection in young adult males:3" an analysis of a longitudinal birth cohort |journal=Pediatrics |volume=118 |issue=5 |pages=1971–1977 |DOI=10.1542/peds.2006-1175 |ISSN=1098-4275 |pubmedID=17079568}}</ref> 33.0.3}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Turks and Caicos IslandsSlovenia}}|{{decimal cell|08.15}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-21">{{REFjournal |last=Klavs |init=I |last2=Hamers |init2=FF |date=2008-02 |title=Male circumcision in Slovenia:3" results from a national probability sample survey |journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=49–50 |DOI=10.1136/sti.2007.027524 |ISSN=1472-3263 |pubmedID=17881413}}</ref> 08.15}}
|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 95}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|UgandaSomalia}}|{{decimal cell|93.5}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="auto3">{{REFweb |url=https:0" /> 33/www.unhcr.org/protection/health/441fcc062/behavioural-surveillance-surveys-among-refugees-surrounding-host-population.2}}html |title=Behavioural Surveillance Surveys Among Refugees and Surrounding Host Population, Kakuma, Kenya |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |website=UNHCR |{{decimal celllanguage=en |accessdate=2019-05-29}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{REFweb |url=https:0" //www.unhcr.org/protection/health/4d231ca09/hiv-behavioural-surveillance-survey-dadaab-refugee-camps-kenya.html |title=HIV Behavioural Surveillance Survey in Dadaab Refugee Camps, Kenya |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |website=UNHCR |language=en |accessdate=2019-05-29}}</ref> 4593.35}}
|{{no}}
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|-|align=left|{{Flag|Tanzania}}|{{Enddecimal cell|80.4}} ==Notes==|{{decimal cell|<references groupref name="Notes:0"/>80.4}} |{{REFno}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":08"/>0.4}}|{{REFweb decimal cell|url<ref name=https":8"//www.dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm> 10}}|{{yes}} |title=The DHS Program - Data |websitealign=www.dhsprogram.comleft|{{Flag|Thailand}} |access-date=2019-05-30{{decimal cell|11.9}}</ref>|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-124">{{REFjournal |last=ICFTieu |last2first=Health/AfghanistanHong-Van |first2init=Ministry of PublicHV |last3last2=Organization/AfghanistanPhanuphak |first3first2=Central StatisticsNittaya |dateinit2=2017-01-01N |titlelast3=Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015Ananworanich |urlfirst3=https://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR323-DHS-Final-Reports.cfmJintanat |languageinit3=enJ}}</ref> |last4=Vatanparast<ref name |first4=":3">{{REFjournalRana |lastinit4=MorrisR |firstlast5=Brian J.Jadwattanakul |initfirst5=BJTanate |author-linkinit5=Brian J. MorrisT |last2last6=WamaiPharachetsakul |first2first6=Richard G.Nutthasun |init2init6=RGN |last3last7=HenebengMingkwanrungrueng |first3first7=Esther B.Pravit |init3init7=EBP |last4last8=TobianBuajoom |first4first8=Aaron A. R.Raksakul |init4init8=AARR |author4-linklast9=Aaron TobianTeeratakulpisarn |last5first9=KlausnerSomsong |first5init9=Jeffrey D.S |init5date=JD2010-06 |last6title=BanerjeeAcceptability of male circumcision for the prevention of HIV among high-risk heterosexual men in Thailand |first6journal=JoyaSexually Transmitted Diseases |init6volume=J37 |last7issue=Hankins6 |first7pages=Catherine A.352–355 |init7DOI=CA10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181c9963a |dateISSN=2016-041537-044521 |titlepubmedID=Erratum to: Estimation of country-specific and global prevalence of male circumcision20145588 |journal=Population Health Metrics}}</ref> 11.9}} |volume=14{{no}} |pagescolspan=11 |DOI=10.1186"2" {{N/s12963-016-0080-6a}} |ISSNcolspan=1478-7954"2" {{N/a}} |pubmedCID=4820865{{yes}}|- |pubmedIDalign=27051352left|{{Flag|Timor-Leste}}</ref>|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-2:0"/>6.9}}|{{REFweb decimal cell|url<ref name=http":0"//medicarestatistics> 9.humanservices.gov.au/statistics/do.jsp?_PROGRAM=%2Fstatistics%2Fmbs_item_standard_report&DRILL=ag&group=30653%2C30654%2C30656%2C30658%2C30659%2C30660%09%09%09%09&VAR=services&STAT=count&RPT_FMT=by+time+period+and+state&PTYPE=calyear&START_DT=199401&END_DT=2020121}} |title=Medicare Australia - Statistics - Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) Item Statistics{{no}} |websitecolspan=medicarestatistics.humanservices.gov.au"2" {{N/a}} |accessdatecolspan=2019-05-30}}<"2" {{N/ref>a}}<ref name="Auto22-3">|{{REFwebyes}}|- |urlalign=https://www.abs.gov.au/Populationleft|{{Flag|Togo}} |title=Population {{decimal cell|date<ref name=2019-05-31":0"/> 98.7}} |website=www.abs.gov.au {{decimal cell|publisher<ref name=Australian Bureau of Statistics":0"/> 97.8}} |language=en{{no}} |accessdate{{decimal cell|<ref name=2019-05-31":8"/> 0.3}}</ref>|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-4:8"/>5}}|{{REFjournal{yes}} |last=Ferris- |firstalign=Jason A. left|{{Flag|init=JATokelau}} |last2=Richters{{decimal cell|95}} |first2=Juliet {{decimal cell|init2<ref name=J":3"/> 95}} |last3=Pitts{{no}} |first3colspan=Marian K."2" {{N/a}} |init3colspan=MK |last4=Shelley"2" {{N/a}} |first4=Julia M.{{yes}} |init4=JM- |last5align=Simpson left|first5=Judy M.{{Flag|Tonga}} |init5=JM {{decimal cell|last6=Ryall95}} |first6=Richard {{decimal cell|init6<ref name=R":3"/> 95}} |last7=Smith{{no}} |first7colspan=Anthony M. A."2" {{N/a}} |init7colspan=AMA"2" {{N/a}}|{{yes}} |date=2010-04 |titlealign=Circumcision in Australia: further evidence on its effects on sexual health and wellbeing left|{{Flag|journal=Australian Trinidad and New Zealand Journal of Public HealthTobago}} |volume=34 {{decimal cell|issue=25.8}} |pages=160–164 {{decimal cell|DOI<ref name=10.1111":3"/j> 5.1753-6405.2010.00501.x8}} |ISSN=1753-6405{{no}} |pubmedIDcolspan=23331360}}<"2" {{N/ref>a}}<ref name|colspan="Auto22-52">{{REFjournalN/a}} |last=Sabin{{yes}} |init=KM- |last2align=Rahman left|{{Flag|init2=MTunisia}} |last3=Hawkes {{decimal cell|init3=S99.8}} |last4{{decimal cell|<ref name=Ahsan":3"/> 99.8}} |init4=K{{no}} |last5colspan=Begum"2" {{N/a}} |init5colspan=L |last6=Black"2" {{N/a}} |init6=RE{{yes}} |last7=Baqui- |init7align=AHleft|{{Flag|Turkey}} |date=2003-09{{decimal cell|98.6}} |title=Sexually transmitted infections prevalence rates in slum communities of Dhaka, Bangladesh {{decimal cell|journal<ref name=International Journal of STD & AIDS":3"/> 98.6}} |volume=14{{no}} |issuecolspan=9 |pages=614–621"2" {{N/a}} |DOIcolspan=10.1258"2" {{N/095646203322301077a}}|{{yes}} |ISSN=0956-4624 |pubmedIDalign=14511498left|{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}|{{decimal cell|93.4}}</ref>|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-6:3"/>93.4}}|{{REFjournalno}} |lastcolspan=Bronselaer"2" {{N/a}} |firstcolspan=Guy A."2" {{N/a}} |init=GA{{yes}} |last2=Schober- |first2align=Justine M. left|{{Flag|init2=JMTurks and Caicos Islands}} |last3=Meyer-Bahlburg {{decimal cell|first3=Heino F. 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|datelast3=2011-12Stock |titlefirst3=Impact of male circumcision on HIV risk compensation through the impediment of condom use in BotswanaJeffrey A. |journalinit3=African Health SciencesJA |volumelast4=11Hoover |issuefirst4=4Karen W. |pagesinit4=550–559KW |ISSNdate=17292014-050311 |pubmedCIDtitle=3362967Circumcision of privately insured males aged 0 to 18 years in the United States |pubmedIDjournal=22649434Pediatrics}}</ref><ref name |volume=":4">{{REFjournal134 |lastissue=Andersson5 |firstpages=Neil950–956 |initDOI=N10.1542/peds.2014-1007 |last2ISSN=Cockcroft1098-4275 |first2pubmedID=Anne |init2=A25332502}}</ref> 52.1}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-29">{{REFjournal |datelast=2012Introcaso |titlefirst=Male circumcision, attitudes to HIV prevention and HIV status: a cross-sectional study in Botswana, Namibia and SwazilandCamille E. |journalinit=AIDS CareCE |volumelast2=24Xu |issuefirst2=3Fujie |pagesinit2=301–309F |DOIlast3=10.1080/09540121.2011.608793Kilmarx |ISSNfirst3=1360-0451Peter H. |pubmedCIDinit3=3379742PH |pubmedIDauthor3-link=21933035Peter Kilmarx}}</ref><ref name |last4="Auto22-8">{{REFjournalZaidi |lastfirst4=KorkesAkbar |firstinit4=FernandoA |initlast5=FMarkowitz |last2first5=SilvaLauri E. |first2init5=Jarques Lucio |init2=JL |last3=Pompeo |first3=Antonio Carlos Lima |init3=ACLLE |date=20122013-07 |title=Circumcisions for medical reasons in the Brazilian public health system: epidemiology Prevalence of circumcision among men and boys aged 14 to 59 years in the United States, National Health and trendsNutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2010 |journal=Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)Sexually Transmitted Diseases |volume=1040 |issue=37 |pages=342–346 |ISSN=2317-6385 |pubmedID=23386015521–525 |DOI=10.15901097/S167901.OLQ.0000430797.56499.0d |ISSN=1537-450820120003000154521 |pubmedCID=23965763}}</ref>68}}|{{no}}<ref name|colspan=":62">Public Health Agency of Canada. 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<ref name="Auto22-28">{{REFjournal |last=Hart-Cooper |first=Geoffrey D. |init=GD |last2=Tao |first2=Guoyu |init2=G |last3=Stock |first3=Jeffrey A. |init3=JA |last4=Hoover |first4=Karen W. |init4=KW |date=2014-11 |title=Circumcision of privately insured males aged 0 to 18 years in the United States |journal=Pediatrics |volume=134 |issue=5 |pages=950–956 |DOI=10.1542/peds.2014-1007 |ISSN=1098-4275 |pubmedID=25332502SEEALSO}}</ref>* [[Global Circumcision Statistics and Estimates]]<ref name="Auto22-29">{{REFjournal |last=Introcaso |first=Camille E. |init=CE |last2=Xu |first2=Fujie |init2=F |last3=Kilmarx |first3=Peter H. |init3=PH |last4=Zaidi |first4=Akbar |init4=A |last5=Markowitz |first5=Lauri E. |init5=LE |date=2013-07 |title=Prevalence of circumcision among men and boys aged 14 to 59 years in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2010 |journal=Sexually Transmitted Diseases |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=521–525 |DOI=10.1097/01.OLQ.0000430797.56499.0d |ISSN=1537-4521 |pubmedCID=23965763REF}}</ref>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Genital cutting, list of countries}}
 
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[[Category:Genital modification and mutilation]]
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