Difference between revisions of "New England Journal of Medicine"

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[[Image:NEJM logo.jpg|right|thumb]]
 
[[Image:NEJM logo.jpg|right|thumb]]
  
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The '''New England Journal of Medicine''' (NEJM) has shifted from a balanced approach, to a one-sided, pro-circumcision stance. They have a tendency to present the purported benefits of circumcision, while failing to print any letters critical of these claims, and failing to confront the ethical problems and medical complications associated with circumcision.
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The '''New England Journal of Medicine''' (NEJM) has shifted from a balanced approach, to a one-sided, pro-circumcision stance. They have a tendency to present the purported benefits of [[circumcision]], while failing to print any letters critical of these claims, and failing to confront the ethical problems and medical complications associated with [[circumcision]].
  
 
== Shift from neutrality to a pro-circumcision stance ==
 
== Shift from neutrality to a pro-circumcision stance ==
−
In 1997, the NEJM printed a strongly pro-circumcision editorial by Dr. [[Thomas E. Wiswell| Thomas Wiswell]],<ref>Wiswell TE. Circumcision circumspection. ''N Engl J Med'' 1997; 336:1244-5.</ref> but did not print the alternative opinion in favor of normal anatomy (see Abstracts & Analysis). When misinformation in Wiswell's editorial was brought to the attention of the editor, there was no attempt to correct Wiswell's exaggerated benefit claims. In contrast, the NEJM had printed a Sounding Board discussion of circumcision examining the purported advantages and disadvantages of circumcision earlier in 1990.<ref>Schoen EJ. The status of circumcision of newborns. ''N Engl J Med'' 1990; 322:1308-12.</ref> <ref>Poland RL. [http://www.cirp.org/library/general/poland/ The question of routine neonatal circumcision]. ''N Engl J Med''. 1990; 322:1312-5.</ref>
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In 1997, the ''NEJM'' printed a strongly pro-circumcision editorial by circumcision promoter Dr. [[Thomas E. Wiswell|Thomas Wiswell]],<ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Wiswell
 +
|init=TE
 +
|title=Circumcision circumspection
 +
|journal=N Engl J Med
 +
|date=1997
 +
|volume=336
 +
|pages=1244-1245
 +
}}</ref> but did not print the alternative opinion in favor of normal anatomy (see Abstracts & Analysis). When misinformation in Wiswell's editorial was brought to the attention of the editor, there was no attempt to correct Wiswell's exaggerated benefit claims. In contrast, the ''NEJM'' had printed a Sounding Board discussion of circumcision examining the purported advantages and disadvantages of circumcision earlier in 1990.<ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Schoen
 +
|init=EJ
 +
|title=The status of circumcision of newborns
 +
|journal=N Engl J Med
 +
|date=1990
 +
|volume=322
 +
|pages=1308-1312
 +
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Poland
 +
|init=RL
 +
|title=The question of routine neonatal circumcision
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/poland/
 +
|journal=N Engl J Med
 +
|date=1990
 +
|volume=322
 +
|pages=1312-1315
 +
}}</ref>
  
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In a previous article in the NEJM, Royce ''et al''. insinuated that the prepuce may be a risk factor for HIV infections.<ref>Royce RA, Sena A, Cates W Jr, Cohen MS. Sexual transmission of HIV. ,,N Engl J Med,, 1997; 336:1072-1078.</ref> This factually inaccurate article was referenced in a letter to the editor as proof that circumcision protects an individual from HIV infections.<ref>''JAMA'' 1997; 278(3):201</ref> The NEJM failed to mention, however, that Laumann pointed out the fallacy of this logic. "The lack of rigorous, systematic controls for co-factors relevant to the particularities of the African context, the prophylactic status of the presence or absence of the foreskin remains an open question."<ref>Laumann EO. JAMA 1997; 278(3):203</ref>
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In a previous article in the ''NEJM'', Royce et al. insinuated that the [[prepuce]] may be a risk factor for [[HIV]] infections.<ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Royce
 +
|init=RA
 +
|last2=Sena
 +
|init2=A
 +
|last3=Cates Jr
 +
|init3=W
 +
|last4=Cohen
 +
|init4=MS
 +
|title=Sexual transmission of HIV
 +
|journal=N Engl J Med
 +
|date=1997
 +
|volume=336
 +
|pages=1072-1078
 +
}}</ref> This factually inaccurate article was referenced in a letter to the editor as proof that circumcision protects an individual from [[HIV]] infections.<ref name="Laumann1997">{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Laumann
 +
|init=EO
 +
|last2=Masi
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|init2=CM
 +
|last3=Zuckerman
 +
|init3=EW
 +
|title=Circumcision in the United States: prevalence, prophylactic effects, and sexual practices, and sexual practice
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|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/laumann/
 +
|journal=JAMA
 +
|date=1997
 +
|volume=277
 +
|pages=1052-1057
 +
}}</ref> The ''NEJM'' failed to mention, however, that Laumann pointed out the fallacy of this logic. "The lack of rigorous, systematic controls for co-factors relevant to the particularities of the African context, the prophylactic status of the presence or absence of the foreskin remains an open question."<ref name="Laumann1997"/>
  
 
== Research the NEJM has overlooked ==
 
== Research the NEJM has overlooked ==
−
Circumcision is losing popularity in the United States and has been discredited by the Canadian Pediatric Society<ref>Fetus and Newborn Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1487803/ Neonatal circumcision revisited]. ''Can Med Assoc J'' 1996; 154:769-80.</ref>and the Australasian Pediatric Surgeons<ref>Australasian Association of Paediatric Surgeons. Guidelines for circumcision. April 1996.</ref> in 1996 position papers. Taylor described the unique innervation of the preputial mucosa in 1996, and its loss to circumcision.<ref>Taylor JR, Lockwood AP, Taylor AJ. [http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/taylor/ The prepuce: specialized mucosa of the penis and its loss to circumcision]. ''Br J Urol'' 1996; 77:291-95.</ref> Taddio et al. showed that circumcision with and without local anesthesia (EMLA) resulted in negative behavioral changes in a child's response to pain.<ref>Taddio A, Katz J, Ilersich AL, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. ''Lancet'' 1997; 349:599-603.</ref> Laumann has shown that circumcision causes sexual behavior changes and an apparent increased risk of many venereal diseases in adult men. <ref>Laumann EO, Masi CM, Zuckerman EW. Circumcision in the United States: prevalence, prophylactic effects, and sexual practices, and sexual practice. ''JAMA'' 1997; 277:1052-7.</ref> Price has questioned whether parents can ethically change their child's genitalia.<ref>Price (Bull. Medical Ethics).</ref>
+
Circumcision is losing popularity in the [[United States]] and has been discredited by the [https://www.cps.ca/ Canadian Pediatric Society]<ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=[[Fetus]] and Newborn Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society
 +
|title=Neonatal circumcision revisited
 +
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1487803/
 +
|journal=Can Med Assoc J
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|date=1996
 +
|volume=154
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|pages=769-780
 +
}}</ref> and the Australasian Pediatric Surgeons<ref>{{REFweb
 +
|publisher=Australasian Association of Paediatric Surgeons
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|title=Guidelines for circumcision
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|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aaps/
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|date=1996-04
 +
}}</ref> in 1996 position papers. Taylor described the unique innervation of the preputial [[mucosa]] in 1996, and its loss to circumcision.<ref>{{TaylorJR LockwoodAP TaylorAJ 1996}}</ref> Taddio et al. showed that circumcision with and without local anesthesia ([[EMLA]]) resulted in negative behavioral changes in a child's response to [[pain]].<ref name=Taddio1997>{{TaddioA KatzJ IlersichAL KorenG 1997}}</ref> Laumann has shown that circumcision causes sexual behavior changes and an apparent increased risk of many venereal diseases in adult men.<ref name="Laumann1997"/> Price has questioned whether parents can ethically change their child's genitalia.<ref>Price (Bull. Medical Ethics).</ref>
  
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The research on EMLA and circumcision presented by Taddio ''et al''. was proclaimed as a major advance.<ref>Taddio A, Stevens B, Craig K, Rastogi P, Ben-David S, Shennan A, Mulligan P, Koren G. Efficacy and safety of lidocaine-prilocaine cream for pain during circumcision. ''N Engl J Med'' 1997; 336:1197-1201.</ref> When the limitations of this form of local anesthesia was brought to the attention of the editors, they failed to print the criticism (see Abstracts & Analysis). They failed to point out that this form of local anesthesia (EMLA) did not prevent the long term negative behavioral response to pain previously reported in the ''Lancet''. <ref>Taddio A, Katz J, Ilersich AL, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. ''Lancet'' 1997; 349:599-603.</ref> The lack of effects of EMLA on long term negative behavioral changes caused by circumcision was printed in British medical journals.<ref>Taddio A, Katz J, Ilersich AL, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. ''Lancet'' 1997; 349:599-603.</ref><ref>Taddio A, Goldbach M, Ipp M, Stevens B, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain responses during vaccination in boys. ''Lancet'' 1995; 345:291-2.</ref>
+
The research on [[EMLA]] and circumcision presented by [[Anna Taddio| Taddio]] et al. was proclaimed as a major advance.<ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Taddio
 +
|init=A
 +
|last2=Stevens
 +
|init2=B
 +
|last3=Craig
 +
|init3=K
 +
|last4=Rastogi
 +
|init4=P
 +
|last5=Ben-David
 +
|init5=S
 +
|last6=Shennan
 +
|init6=A
 +
|last7=Mulligan
 +
|init7=P
 +
|last8=Koren
 +
|init8=G
 +
|title=Efficacy and safety of lidocaine-prilocaine cream for pain during circumcision
 +
|journal=N Engl J Med
 +
|date=1997
 +
|volume=336
 +
|pages=1197-1201
 +
}}</ref> When the limitations of this form of local anesthesia was brought to the attention of the editors, they failed to print the criticism (see Abstracts & Analysis). They failed to point out that this form of local anesthesia ([[EMLA]]) did not prevent the long term negative behavioral response to [[pain]] previously reported in the ''Lancet''.<ref name=Taddio1997/> The lack of effects of [[EMLA]] on long term negative behavioral changes caused by circumcision was printed in British medical journals.<ref name=Taddio1997/><ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Taddio
 +
|init=A
 +
|last2=Goldbach
 +
|init2=M
 +
|last3=Ipp
 +
|init3=M
 +
|last4=Stevens
 +
|init4=B
 +
|last5=Koren
 +
|init5=G
 +
|title=Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain responses during vaccination in boys
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/taddio/
 +
|journal=Lancet
 +
|date=1995
 +
|volume=345
 +
|pages=291-292
 +
}}</ref>
 +
{{SEEALSO}}
 +
* [[Bias]]
 +
* [[HIV]]
 +
* [[Pain]]
 +
* [[Trauma]]
 +
* [[United States of America]]
 +
{{REF}}
  
−
{{REF}}
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[[Category:Journal]]
 +
[[Category:Bias]]
  
−
[[Category:Organizations]]
+
[[Category:USA]]
  
 
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
 
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]

Latest revision as of 15:41, 2 May 2024

NEJM logo.jpg

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) has shifted from a balanced approach, to a one-sided, pro-circumcision stance. They have a tendency to present the purported benefits of circumcision, while failing to print any letters critical of these claims, and failing to confront the ethical problems and medical complications associated with circumcision.

Shift from neutrality to a pro-circumcision stance

In 1997, the NEJM printed a strongly pro-circumcision editorial by circumcision promoter Dr. Thomas Wiswell,[1] but did not print the alternative opinion in favor of normal anatomy (see Abstracts & Analysis). When misinformation in Wiswell's editorial was brought to the attention of the editor, there was no attempt to correct Wiswell's exaggerated benefit claims. In contrast, the NEJM had printed a Sounding Board discussion of circumcision examining the purported advantages and disadvantages of circumcision earlier in 1990.[2][3]

In a previous article in the NEJM, Royce et al. insinuated that the prepuce may be a risk factor for HIV infections.[4] This factually inaccurate article was referenced in a letter to the editor as proof that circumcision protects an individual from HIV infections.[5] The NEJM failed to mention, however, that Laumann pointed out the fallacy of this logic. "The lack of rigorous, systematic controls for co-factors relevant to the particularities of the African context, the prophylactic status of the presence or absence of the foreskin remains an open question."[5]

Research the NEJM has overlooked

Circumcision is losing popularity in the United States and has been discredited by the Canadian Pediatric Society[6] and the Australasian Pediatric Surgeons[7] in 1996 position papers. Taylor described the unique innervation of the preputial mucosa in 1996, and its loss to circumcision.[8] Taddio et al. showed that circumcision with and without local anesthesia (EMLA) resulted in negative behavioral changes in a child's response to pain.[9] Laumann has shown that circumcision causes sexual behavior changes and an apparent increased risk of many venereal diseases in adult men.[5] Price has questioned whether parents can ethically change their child's genitalia.[10]

The research on EMLA and circumcision presented by Taddio et al. was proclaimed as a major advance.[11] When the limitations of this form of local anesthesia was brought to the attention of the editors, they failed to print the criticism (see Abstracts & Analysis). They failed to point out that this form of local anesthesia (EMLA) did not prevent the long term negative behavioral response to pain previously reported in the Lancet.[9] The lack of effects of EMLA on long term negative behavioral changes caused by circumcision was printed in British medical journals.[9][12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ REFjournal Wiswell TE. Circumcision circumspection. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 1244-1245.
  2. ↑ REFjournal Schoen EJ. The status of circumcision of newborns. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322: 1308-1312.
  3. ↑ REFjournal Poland RL. The question of routine neonatal circumcision. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322: 1312-1315.
  4. ↑ REFjournal Royce RA, Sena A, Cates Jr W, Cohen MS. Sexual transmission of HIV. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 1072-1078.
  5. ↑ a b c REFjournal Laumann EO, Masi CM, Zuckerman EW. Circumcision in the United States: prevalence, prophylactic effects, and sexual practices, and sexual practice. JAMA. 1997; 277: 1052-1057.
  6. ↑ REFjournal Fetus and Newborn Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. Neonatal circumcision revisited. Can Med Assoc J. 1996; 154: 769-780.
  7. ↑ REFweb (April 1996). Guidelines for circumcision, Australasian Association of Paediatric Surgeons.
  8. ↑ REFjournal Taylor JR, Lockwood AP, Taylor AJ. The prepuce: specialized mucosa of the penis and its loss to circumcision. Br J Urol. 1996; 77: 291-5. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  9. ↑ a b c REFjournal Taddio A, Katz J, Ilersich AL, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. Lancet. 1 March 1997; 349: 599-603. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  10. ↑ Price (Bull. Medical Ethics).
  11. ↑ REFjournal Taddio A, Stevens B, Craig K, Rastogi P, Ben-David S, Shennan A, Mulligan P, Koren G. Efficacy and safety of lidocaine-prilocaine cream for pain during circumcision. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 1197-1201.
  12. ↑ REFjournal Taddio A, Goldbach M, Ipp M, Stevens B, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain responses during vaccination in boys. Lancet. 1995; 345: 291-292.
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