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The '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty that commits states parties to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial.<refname="iccpr1966>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights
|title=International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
|date=1976-03-23
|accessdate=2022-04-11
}}</ref> It was adopted by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI) on 16 December 1966 and entered into force 23 March 1976 after its thirty-fifth ratification or accession. (Article 49 allowed that the covenant would enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or accession.) As of September 2019, the Covenant has 173 parties and six more signatories without ratification, most notably the People's Republic of [[China ]] and Cuba;<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&clang=_en
|title=UN Treaty Collection - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Status of ratification
}}</ref> North Korea is the only state that has tried to withdraw.<ref name="WP">{{URLwikipedia|International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights|International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights|2022-04-11}}</ref>
The ICCPR is considered a seminal document in the history of international law and [[human rights]], forming part of the ''International Bill of Human Rights'', along with the ''International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights'' (ICESCR) and the ''[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]'' (UDHR).<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313093428/http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/fs2.htm
|archived=yes