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{{Construction Site}}
Relocate article.
This page collects and indexes '''medical literature about foreskin restoration'''. This page does not include material from ancient times.
==Introduction==
Foreskin restoration may be done surgically or non-surgically by [[tissue expansion]]. Also, [[foreskin regeneration]] is under development.
Relatively little medical literature regarding [[foreskin restoration]] for [[circumcised]] men exists. The reasons for this are two-fold. :
* Foreskin restoration embarrasses and discredits the [[circumcision industry]] as it tries to make [[Financial incentive| as much money as it can]] from [[genital mutilation]] of boys.
* Most of the development of non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]] has been done by non-medical peopleorganizations such as [[BUFF]].
==Surgical foreskin restoration==
[[Surgical foreskin restoration ]] was developed earlier than non-surgical foreskin restoration.
===Articles===
* {{REFjournal
|quote=
|pubmedID=14287361
|pubmedCID=
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Levin
|first=
|init=S
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Letter: Circumcision and uncircumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=S Afr Med J
|location=
|date=1976-06-05
|volume=50
|issue=24
|page=913
|url=
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=945618
|pubmedCID=
|accessdate=2024-06-13
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Lynch
|first=
|init=MJ
|author-link=
|last2=Pryor
|first2=
|init2=JP
|author2-link=
|last3=
|first3=
|init3=
|author3-link=
|last4=
|first4=
|init4=
|author4-link=
|last5=
|first5=
|init5=
|author5-link=
|last6=
|first6=
|init6=
|author6-link=
|last7=
|first7=
|init7=
|author7-link=
|last8=
|first8=
|init8=
|author8-link=
|last9=
|first9=
|init9=
|author9-link=
|etal=no
|title=Uncircumcision: a one-stage procedure
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Br J Urol
|location=
|date=1993-08
|volume=72
|issue=2
|pages=257-8
|url=
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=8402042
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb00707.x
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Schultheiss
|first=
|init=D
|author-link=
|last2=Truss
|first2=
|init2=MC
|author2-link=
|last3=Stieff
|first3=
|init3=CG
|author3-link=
|last4=Jonas
|first4=
|init4=U
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Uncircumcision: a historical review of preputial restoration
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Plast Reconstr Surg
|location=
|date=1998-06
|volume=101
|issue=7
|article=
|page=
|pages=1990-8
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/schultheiss/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=9623850
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1097/00006534-199806000-00037
|doi=
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Brandes
|first=
|init=SB
|author-link=
|last2=Mcaninch
|first2=
|init2=
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Surgical methods of restoring the prepuce: a critical review
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=BJU Int
|location=
|date=1999-01
|volume=83 Suppl 1
|pages=109-13
|url=https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1109.x
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID= 10349422
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1109.x
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
==Non-surgical foreskin restoration==
Non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]] is accomplished by stimulating [[mitosis]] in the residual tissue to cause [[tissue expansion]].
===Articles===
* {{REFjournal
|last=Neumann
|first=
|init=CG
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=The expansion of an area of skin by progressive distention of a subcutaneous balloon; use of the method for securing skin for subtotal reconstruction of the ear
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Plastic Reconstructive Surgery
|location=
|date=1957-02
|volume=19
|issue=2
|pages=124-30
|url=
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID= 13419574
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1097/00006534-195702000-00004
|doi=
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Radovan
|first=
|init=C
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Tissue expansion in soft-tissue reconstruction
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Plast Reconstr Surg
|location=
|date=1984-10
|volume=74
|issue=4
|pages=482-92
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/radovan1/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=6484035
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1097/00006534-198410000-00005
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Johnson
|first=
|init=TM
|author-link=
|last2=Lowe
|first2=
|init2=L
|author2-link=
|last3=Brown
|first3=
|init3=MD
|author3-link=
|last4=Sullivan
|first4=
|init4=MJ
|author4-link=
|last5=Nelson
|first5=
|init5=BR
|author5-link=
|etal=no
|title=Histology and physiology of tissue expansion
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Dermatol Surg Oncol
|location=
|date=1993-12
|volume=19
|issue=12
|article=
|page=
|pages=1074-8
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/johnson1/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=8282904
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/j.1524-4725.1993.tb01002.x
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Bigelow
|first=Jim
|init=J
|author-link=Jim Bigelow
|title=Uncircumcising: undoing the effects of an ancient practice in a modern world
|journal=Mothering
|volume=Summer
|issue=
|pages=121-124
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/bigelow1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|date=1994
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Collier
|first=
|init=R
|author-link=
|etal=nno
|title=Whole again: the practice of foreskin restoration
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal= CMAJ
|location=
|date=2011-12-13
|volume=183
|issue=18
|pages=2019-23
|url=https://www.cmaj.ca/content/183/18/2092.long
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=22083672
|pubmedCID=3255154
|DOI=10.1503/cmaj.109-4009
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Timmermans
|first=
|init=FW
|author-link=
|last2=Mokken
|first2=
|init2=SE
|author2-link=
|last3=Poor Toulabi
|first3=
|init3=SCZ
|author3-link=
|etal=yes
|title=A review on the history of and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal= Int J Impot Res
|location=
|date=2021-04-14
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Floyd-Timmermans/publication/350881409_A_review_on_the_history_of_and_treatment_options_for_foreskin_reconstruction_after_circumcision/links/607d5ae9881fa114b41189e1/A-review-on-the-history-of-and-treatment-options-for-foreskin-reconstruction-after-circumcision.pdf
|archived=
|quote=Nonsurgical methods of reconstruction are rarely mentioned in literature. Nonetheless, nonsurgical methods, such as manual [[stretching]] and device-assisted tissue expansion, are commonplace among those who pursue foreskin reconstruction. Although the nonsurgical methods have yielded good results with minimal adverse effects, no proper medical research has been performed to quantify these outcomes.
|pubmedID=33854205
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1038/s41443-021-00438-3
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
==Foreskin regeneration==
[[Foreskin regeneration]] is a relatively new and experimental procedure with the application of the principles of tissue engineering to regeneration of missing foreskins, which [[Foregen]] is attempting to develop. The publications to date have been limited. The available articles report on the development of a procedure, not the actual performance of foreskin regeneration, which has not been done as of June 2024.
===Articles===
* {{REFjournal
|last=Purpura
|first=Valeria
|init=V
|author-link=
|last2=Bondioli
|first2=Elena
|init2=E
|author2-link=
|last3=Cunningham
|first3=Eric J.
|init3=EC
|author3-link=
|etal=yes
|title=The development of a decellularized extracellular matrix–based biomaterial scaffold derived from human foreskin for the purpose of foreskin reconstruction in circumcised males
|journal=J Tissue Eng
|location=
|date=2018-12-22
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=
|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2041731418812613
|quote=
|pubmedID=30622692
|pubmedCID=6304708
|DOI=10.1177/2041731418812613
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}
*{{REFjournal
|last=Novotna
|first=
|init=O
|author-link=
|last2=Varchulova Novakova,
|first2=
|init2=Z
|author2-link=
|last3=Galfiova
|first3=
|init3=P
|author3-link=
|last4=Lorencova
|first4=
|init4=M
|author4-link=
|last5=Klein
|first5=
|init5=M
|author5-link=
|last6=Žiaran
|first6=
|init6=S
|author6-link=
|last7=Kuniakova
|first7=
|init7=M
|author7-link=
|etal=no
|title=Decellularization techniques of human foreskin for tissue engineering application
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Physiol Res
|location=
|date=2023-10-27
|volume=72
|issue=S3
|article=
|page=
|pages=S287-S297
|url=http://www.biomed.cas.cz/physiolres/pdf/72/72_S287.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=37888972
|pubmedCID=10669949
|DOI=10.33549/physiolres.935185
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2024-06-14
}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Basics of foreskin restoration]]
* [[Restoration]]
* [[Restored foreskin]]
[[Category:Foreskin restoration]]
[[Category:Foregen]]
[[Category:Penile function]]
[[Category:Physiology]]