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Male [[circumcision]] is a surgical operation that amputates a [[Foreskin| body part]] with various numerous protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions. When considering the complications, risks, and other disadvantages, one must consider the surgical risks and also the loss of function inherent in the loss of a body part. Adverse [[Sexual effects of circumcision| sexual]] and [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| psychological]] effects have been identified, that should be considered in assessing the total risk and losses of a proposed circumcision.
A wide range of surgical complications occur in 2-10% of the cases. The risks are classified as [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and surgical mishap.<ref>Williams, N; L. Kapila (October 1993). "[http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/williams-kapila/#n14 Complications of circumcision]". ''Brit J Surg'' 80 (10): 1231-6.</ref>
Perhaps worst of all, more than 117<ref>{{BollingerD 2010}}</ref> to 229<ref>Baker RL. [http://www.cirp.org/library/general/baker1/ Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous]. ''Sexual Medicine Today'' 1979;3(11):35-36)</ref> infants in the U.S. die from [[circumcision]] every year.
The typical [[circumcision ]] of an infant boy is a harmful, medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic surgery. It has no upside, only numerous downsides.
Many men report a loss of sensation after [[Adult circumcision| circumcision]].