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}}</ref> and discharged from the [[urethra ]] of males. It collects under the [[foreskin]] in the [[preputial sac]] of normal, [[foreskinned]] males where it functions as a lubricant at times of sexual arousal, [[masturbation]] or [[sexual intercourse]]. They are also called the bulbo-urethral glands and are the male equivalent of the Bartholin's Glands.<ref name="cowpers" />

}}</ref> The [[vagina]] is normally acidic, so the deposit of pre-ejaculate before the emission of [[semen ]] may change the vaginal environment to promote sperm survival.<ref name=Chudnovskycite>{{REFjournal

The quantity of pre-ejaculate produced various widely between individuals. Some observers believe that, on average, [[foreskinned]] males tend to produce more pre-ejaculate than [[circumcised]] males,<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://www.reddit.com/user/WickerMadman/ |title=Does anyone else leak precum through their clothing? |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=REDDIT |date=2025-10-25 |accessdate=2025-10-05}}</ref> apparently due to the superior sexual sensation received by the autonomic nervous system from the [[ridged band]], [[frenulum]], and other nerves of the [[foreskin]]. [[Restored]] men report increased production of pre-ejaculate after restoration.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_eBZN-MBow5XrMIN_PdM4JPU4nFqMrtp/view |title=Benefits of Foreskin Restoration |last= |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=REDDIT |date= |format=PDF |accessdate=2025-06-07}}</ref> Production of pre-ejaculate may be triggered by erotic thoughts alone.