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→Pathological phimosis in boys
|accessdate=2025-10-25
}}</ref>
Balanitis Xerotical Obliterans (BXO) and Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (LS) are two names for the same disease.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Laymon
|init=CW
|author-link=
|last2=freeman
|init2=C
|author2-link=
|url=
|title=Relationship of Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans to Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
|journal=Arch Dermat Syph
|date=1944
|volume=48
|issue=
|pages=57-9
|accessdate=2025-10-26
}}</ref>
Becker (2011) has provided a comprehensive review of BXO/LS in boys.<ref name="becker2011">{{REFjournal
|last=Becker
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Lichen sclerosus in boys
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int
|location=
|date=2011-01
|volume=108
|issue=4
|pages=53-8
|url=
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=21307992
|pubmedCID=3036008
|DOI=10.3238/arztebl.2011.053
|doi=
|accessdate=2025-10-25
}}</ref>
Tissue afflicted with BXO/LS typically has a whitish color. BXO/LS frequently attacks the [[foreskin]], making it indurated and non-retractable.<ref name="becker2011" />
==Pathological phimosis in adults==
Adult-onset phimosis may also be caused by a yeast infection of the foreskin that makes it hard or impossible to retract the [[foreskin]].<ref>{{REFweb
|accessdate=2025-10-24
}}</ref>
BXO (LS) also occurs in adults. It is one of very few recognized medical indications for [[adult circumcision]].<ref name="becker2011" />
{{SEEALSO}}