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|date=
|accessdate=2023-09-27
}}</ref> As a surgical measure, it is used to control [[pain ]] or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or [[gangrene]]. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventive surgery for such problems. A special case is that of congenital amputation, a congenital disorder, where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands.<ref name="WP">{{URLwikipedia|Amputation|Amputation|2021-11-12}}</ref>
In some countries, such as Afghanistan and Iran,<ref name="iran">{{REFnews
|date=2000-08
|title=Traumatic amputation of the penis
|url=httphttps://brazjurolintbrazjurol.com.br/pdf/kochakarn_385_389vol2130/Vol26_n4_2000.pdf#page=47
|journal=Brazilian Journal of Urology
|volume=26
|pages=385–389
|via=Official Journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
|format=PDF
}}</ref><ref>{{REFbook
|last=Peters
|publisher={{UNI|Cambridge University|UCam}} Press
|isbn=9780521792264
|format-PDF
}}</ref><ref name="WP"/>
* Amputation of the testicles (castration).
* Amputation of the [[penis]] ([[penectomy]]).
* Amputation of the [[foreskin]] ([[circumcision]], [[posthectomy]]).
* Amputation of the [[clitoris]] ([[clitoridectomy]]).
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Adult circumcision]]
* [[Circumcision]]
* [[Complete penile amputation]]
* [[The Boy Who Was Turned Into a Girl]]
* [[Ulwaluko]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amputation
|title=Amputation
|last=
|first=
|init=
|publisher=Wikipedia
|date=
|accessdate=2023-12-26
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-amputation-truth/
|title=The Word They Don’t Want to Use: Amputation
|last=Alissa
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=Kristel Alissa
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-05-21
|accessdate=2025-05-22
}}
{{REF}}
[[Category:Education]]
[[Category:Medical term]]
[[de:Amputation]]