Pathological phimosis: Difference between revisions

← Older edit

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 }}</ref>
-Balanitis Xerotical Obliterans (BXO) and Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (LS) are two names for the same disease.
+Balanitis Xerotical Obliterans (BXO) and Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (LS) are two names for the same disease.<ref>{{REFjournal
+ |last=Laymon
+ |init=CW
+ |author-link=
+ |last2=freeman
+ |init2=C
+ |author2-link=
+ |url=
+ |title=Relationship of Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans to Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
+ |journal=Arch Dermat Syph
+ |date=1944
+ |volume=48
+ |issue=
+ |pages=57-9
+ |accessdate=2025-10-26
+}}</ref>
-Tissue afflicted with BXO (LS) typically has a whitish color.
+Becker (2011) has provided a comprehensive review of BXO/LS in boys.<ref name="becker2011">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Becker
+ |first=
+ |init=K
+ |author-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=Lichen sclerosus in boys
+ |trans-title=
+ |journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int
+ |location=
+ |date=2011-01
+ |volume=108
+ |issue=4
+ |pages=53-8
+ |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3036008/
+ |archived=
+ |quote=
+ |pubmedID=21307992
+ |pubmedCID=3036008
+ |DOI=10.3238/arztebl.2011.053
+ |accessdate=2025-10-25
+}}</ref>
+Tissue afflicted with BXO/LS typically has a whitish color. BXO/LS frequently attacks the [[foreskin]], making it indurated and non-retractable.<ref name="becker2011" />
 ==Pathological phimosis in adults==
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   |accessdate=2025-10-24
 }}</ref>
+BXO (LS) also occurs in adults. It is one of very few recognized medical indications for [[adult circumcision]].<ref name="becker2011" />
 {{SEEALSO}}