Difference between revisions of "Dartos"
m |
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) (Add reference; clean up article.) |
||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
|below = | |below = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | The '''dartos fascia''' or simply '''dartos''' is a layer of connective tissue found in the | + | The '''dartos fascia''' or simply '''dartos''' is a layer of connective tissue found in the skin of the penile shaft, [[foreskin]], and scrotum.<ref name=Campbell10>{{REFbook |
|last=Campbell | |last=Campbell | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
|accessdate= | |accessdate= | ||
|note= | |note= | ||
| − | }}</ref> The penile portion is referred to as the '''superficial fascia of penis''' or the '''subcutaneous tissue of penis''',<ref>[http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/09.4.01.027%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm Terminologica Anatomica 98]</ref> while the scrotal part is the dartos proper. In addition to being continuous with itself between the scrotum and the penis, it is also continuous with | + | }}</ref> The penile portion is referred to as the '''superficial fascia of penis''' or the '''subcutaneous tissue of penis''',<ref>[http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/09.4.01.027%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm Terminologica Anatomica 98]</ref> while the scrotal part is the dartos proper. In addition to being continuous with itself between the scrotum and the penis, it is also continuous with Colles fascia of the perineum and Scarpa's fascia of the abdomen.<ref name=Campbell10 /> |
| − | It lies just below the skin, which places it just superficial to the external spermatic fascia in the scrotum and to | + | It lies just below the skin, which places it just superficial to the external spermatic fascia in the scrotum and to Buck's fascia in the penile shaft. |
In the scrotum, it consists mostly of smooth muscle.<ref>Gray's 16th Edition</ref> The tone of this smooth muscle is responsible for the wrinkled (rugose) appearance of the scrotum.<ref name=Campbell10 /> | In the scrotum, it consists mostly of smooth muscle.<ref>Gray's 16th Edition</ref> The tone of this smooth muscle is responsible for the wrinkled (rugose) appearance of the scrotum.<ref name=Campbell10 /> | ||
| − | + | It receives innervation from postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers arriving via the ilioinguinal nerve and the posterior scrotal nerve. | |
| − | |||
| − | It receives innervation from postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers arriving via the | ||
==Function== | ==Function== | ||
| Line 68: | Line 66: | ||
* Conversely, expansion increases the surface area, promoting heat loss and thus cooling the testicles. | * Conversely, expansion increases the surface area, promoting heat loss and thus cooling the testicles. | ||
| − | The dartos muscle works in conjunction with the | + | The dartos muscle works in conjunction with the cremaster muscle to elevate the testis but should not be confused with the cremasteric reflex. |
| − | The dartos fascia keeps the foreskin close to the glans penis throughout life. In infancy, the dartos fascia operates as a one-way check valve at the tip of the foreskin, allowing urine to pass out, but prohibiting the entry of foreign matter and pathogens. | + | The dartos fascia keeps the foreskin close to the glans penis throughout life. In infancy, the dartos fascia operates as a one-way check valve at the tip of the foreskin, allowing urine to pass out, but prohibiting the entry of foreign matter and pathogens.<ref>{{REFjournal |
| + | | last=Fleiss | ||
| + | | first=PM | ||
| + | | coauthors=Hodges FM, Van Howe RS | ||
| + | | title=Immunological functions of the human prepuce | ||
| + | | journal=Sex Trans Inf | ||
| + | | date=1998-10 | ||
| + | | volume=74 | ||
| + | | issue=5 | ||
| + | | pages=364-7 | ||
| + | | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1758142/pdf/v074p00364.pdf | ||
| + | | quote="The sphincter action of the preputial orifice functions like a one way valve, blocking the entry of contaminants while allowing the passage of urine." | ||
| + | | pubmedID=10195034 | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | accessdate=2019-10-01 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
There is an increase in elastic fibers with increasing maturity that allows the foreskin to become retractable by adulthood and glide freely back and forth. | There is an increase in elastic fibers with increasing maturity that allows the foreskin to become retractable by adulthood and glide freely back and forth. | ||
| Line 78: | Line 92: | ||
Etymology: | Etymology: | ||
| − | : Derived from the Greek δέρνω/derno (beat, flog) and/or δέρμα/derma (skin), meaning "that which is skinned or flayed", possibly due to its appearance.<ref>http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/resources/etymology/Abdominal_wall.htm</ref> | + | : Derived from the Greek δέρνω/derno (beat, flog) and/or δέρμα/derma (skin), meaning "that which is skinned or flayed", possibly due to its appearance.<ref>{{REFweb |
| + | |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/resources/etymology/Abdominal_wall.htm | ||
| + | |title=Etymology of Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Terms | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |last=Catlin | ||
| + | |first=B | ||
| + | |publisher= | ||
| + | |website=Darmouth | ||
| + | |date=2008 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2019-10-01 | ||
| + | |format= | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
Some dartos-related terms: | Some dartos-related terms: | ||
Revision as of 02:35, 2 October 2019
Construction Site
This article is work in progress and not yet part of the free encyclopedia IntactiWiki.
 The scrotum. (Label for Dartos is at bottom left.) | |
 The scrotum. (Label for Dartos is at bottom left.) | |
| Name | |
|---|---|
| Dartos | |
| Latin | |
| Tunica dartos | |
| Origin | |
| Subcutaneous tissue of scrotum, superficial to superficial fascia (Colles) | |
| Insertion | |
| Skin and midline raphé of scrotum | |
| Blood | |
| Artery of Duffy [This information needs a citation or reference.] | |
| Nerve | |
| Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve | |
| Action | |
| Corrugates the scrotum | |
| Antagonist |
The dartos fascia or simply dartos is a layer of connective tissue found in the skin of the penile shaft, foreskin, and scrotum.[1] The penile portion is referred to as the superficial fascia of penis or the subcutaneous tissue of penis,[2] while the scrotal part is the dartos proper. In addition to being continuous with itself between the scrotum and the penis, it is also continuous with Colles fascia of the perineum and Scarpa's fascia of the abdomen.[1]
It lies just below the skin, which places it just superficial to the external spermatic fascia in the scrotum and to Buck's fascia in the penile shaft.
In the scrotum, it consists mostly of smooth muscle.[3] The tone of this smooth muscle is responsible for the wrinkled (rugose) appearance of the scrotum.[1]
It receives innervation from postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers arriving via the ilioinguinal nerve and the posterior scrotal nerve.
Function
In the penis, the loose attachment of the dartos fascia to Buck's fascia is responsible for the high degree of mobility of the penile skin over the underlying tissue.[1] It is also responsible for carrying the blood supply of the penile skin, a longitudinally-coursing anastomotic network of vessels that arise from the external pudendal vessels.[1]
In the scrotum, the tunica dartos acts to regulate the temperature of the testicles, which promotes spermatogenesis. It does this by expanding or contracting to wrinkle the scrotal skin.
- Contraction reduces the surface area available for heat loss, thus reducing heat loss and warming the testicles.
- Conversely, expansion increases the surface area, promoting heat loss and thus cooling the testicles.
The dartos muscle works in conjunction with the cremaster muscle to elevate the testis but should not be confused with the cremasteric reflex.
The dartos fascia keeps the foreskin close to the glans penis throughout life. In infancy, the dartos fascia operates as a one-way check valve at the tip of the foreskin, allowing urine to pass out, but prohibiting the entry of foreign matter and pathogens.[4]
There is an increase in elastic fibers with increasing maturity that allows the foreskin to become retractable by adulthood and glide freely back and forth.
Related terms
Etymology:
- Derived from the Greek δέρνω/derno (beat, flog) and/or δέρμα/derma (skin), meaning "that which is skinned or flayed", possibly due to its appearance.[5]
Some dartos-related terms:
- dartoic (dar·to·ic) (dahr-to'ik) of the nature of a dartos; having a slow, involuntary contractility like that of the dartos.
- dartoid (dar·toid) (dahr'toid) resembling the dartos.
Additional images
Transverse section through the left side of the scrotum and the left testis.
Dartos
References
- ↑ a b c d e
Campbell: Campbell-Walsh Urology. Alan J. Wein (ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-6911-9.
- ↑ Terminologica Anatomica 98
- ↑ Gray's 16th Edition
- ↑
Fleiss, PM; with Hodges FM, Van Howe RS [deprecated REFjournal parameter used: <coauthors> - please use <last2>, etc.]. Immunological functions of the human prepuce. Sex Trans Inf. October 1998; 74(5): 364-7. PMID. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
Quote:"The sphincter action of the preputial orifice functions like a one way valve, blocking the entry of contaminants while allowing the passage of urine."
- ↑
Catlin, B (2008). Etymology of Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Terms
, Darmouth. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
