Changes

The '''risks and complications''' of male circumcision are extensive and only gradually being recognized by medical authorities. Agawal et al. (2005) stated:<blockquote>Although circumcision is considered to be a simple procedure devoid of much morbidity, it is associated with many complications like hemorrhage, edema, infection, meatal stenosis, urethral fistulae, unsightly scars, penile curvature, shortness of shaft skin, and partial, or total penile loss.<ref name="agarwal2005">{{REFjournal |last=Agarwal |first= |init=A |author-link= |last2=Mohta |first2= |init2=A |author2-link= |last3=Anand |first3= |init3=RK |author3-link= |etal=no |title=Preputial retraction in children |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg |location= |date=2005-04 |volume=10 |issue=2 |article= |pages=89-91 |url=https://journals.lww.com/jiap/fulltext/2005/10020/preputial_retraction_in_children.5.aspx |archived= |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.4103/0971-9261.16468 |accessdate=2025-08-02}}</ref></blockquote>Fendereski et al. (2024) found that, in the absence of the protective [[foreskin]], [[circumcised]] boys have three times as many [[penis]] problems as compared with [[foreskinned]] boys.<ref name="fendereski2024">{{REFjournal