Canada: Difference between revisions
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) Building page. |
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) Add Pirie; add 1996 statement |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Non-therapeutic circumcision of children is offensive to many Canadian minorities. The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favor circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the culture of Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population). | |||
Pirie (1927), in a presentation to the Canadian Society for the Study of Diseases of Children, described circumcision as "very common".<ref name="pirie1927">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Pirie | |||
|first=George R. | |||
|author-link= | |||
|title=The story of circumcision | |||
|journal=Can Med Assoc J | |||
|date=1927-07 | |||
|volume=17 | |||
|issue=12 | |||
|pages=1540-2 | |||
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC407762/pdf/canmedaj00234-0126.pdf | |||
|accessdate=2019-10-26 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
Patel (1966) reported his findings on neonatal circumcision in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Patel reported on the complications experienced in a series of 100 consecutive male infants. He also reported on the incidence of circumcision at Kingston General Hospital in Kingston, Ontario. Patel reported an incidence of circumcision of 48 percent. This is for one hospital in Kingston, ON but has been widely cited as the rate for all Canada.<ref>{{REFjournal | Patel (1966) reported his findings on neonatal circumcision in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Patel reported on the complications experienced in a series of 100 consecutive male infants. He also reported on the incidence of circumcision at Kingston General Hospital in Kingston, Ontario. Patel reported an incidence of circumcision of 48 percent. This is for one hospital in Kingston, ON but has been widely cited as the rate for all Canada.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| Line 20: | Line 34: | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
Canada, like other English-speaking nations formerly circumcised most of its boys, with circumcision rates in the | Canada, like other English-speaking nations formerly circumcised most of its boys, with circumcision rates in the 40 to 70 percent range in the 1960s.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Wirth | |last=Wirth | ||
|first=John L. | |first=John L. | ||
| Line 41: | Line 55: | ||
|accessdate=2019-10-25 | |accessdate=2019-10-25 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
==Position statements of medical societies.== | ==Position statements of medical societies.== | ||
The [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] took a position against non-therapeutic circumcision of boys in 1975, declaring it to have "no medical indication" and to be an "obsolete operation".<ref>{{REFjournal | The [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] took a position against non-therapeutic circumcision of boys in 1975, declaring it to have "no medical indication" and to be an "obsolete operation".<ref name="cps1975">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Swyer | |last=Swyer | ||
|first=PR | |first=PR | ||
| Line 84: | Line 96: | ||
|DOI= | |DOI= | ||
|accessdate=2019-10-25 | |accessdate=2019-10-25 | ||
}}</ref> | |||
The CPS revisited circumcision in 1996 and recommended, "Circumcision should not be routinely performed."<ref name="cps1996">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Outerbridge | |||
|first= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2= | |||
|first2= | |||
|author2-link= | |||
|last3= | |||
|first3= | |||
|author3-link= | |||
|last4= | |||
|first4= | |||
|author4-link= | |||
|last5= | |||
|first5= | |||
|author5-link= | |||
|last6= | |||
|first6= | |||
|author6-link= | |||
|last7= | |||
|first7= | |||
|author7-link= | |||
|last8= | |||
|first8= | |||
|author8-link= | |||
|last9= | |||
|first9= | |||
|author9-link= | |||
|etal=yes | |||
|title=Neonatal circumcision revisited | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|language= | |||
|journal=Can Med Assoc J | |||
|location= | |||
|date=1996-03-15 | |||
|volume=154 | |||
|issue=6 | |||
|pages=769-80 | |||
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1487803/ | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID=8634956 | |||
|pubmedCID=1487803 | |||
|DOI= | |||
|accessdate=2019-10-26 | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
==Availability of third-party payment== | |||
Canada has fourteen single-payer health insurance plans — one for each of the ten provinces and three territories and a 14th plan for government employees. The British Columbia HIP stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision in the 1980s. One by one, all other HIPs have stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision. Third-party payment for non-therapeutic circumcision is not presently available anywhere in Canada. | Canada has fourteen single-payer health insurance plans — one for each of the ten provinces and three territories and a 14th plan for government employees. The British Columbia HIP stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision in the 1980s. One by one, all other HIPs have stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision. Third-party payment for non-therapeutic circumcision is not presently available anywhere in Canada. | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||