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<br>The '''Sixth International Symposium''' on Genital Integrity convened at the in [https://sydneywww.wesleycollege-usyd.edu.au/ Wesley College] at the {{UNI|University of Sydney]|USYD}}, SidneySydney, New South Wales{{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia on December 7-9, 2000.

== Proceedings Faculty == <center><big>Thursday* '''Seham Abd el Salam Muhammed,''' {{MD}}, research fellow, Department of Sociology-Anthropology, the {{UNI|American University in Cairo|AUC}}, member of the Egyptian FGM Task Force, 7 December</big></center><br>founder of Resource Center of FGM Cairo, Egypt.* '''John Aldous''', co-founder E.B.-N.O.R.M. (Everyman’s Birthright - National Organization of Restoring Men). Everard Park, {{AUSC|SA}}, Australia.<b>0800–0900: Registration</b><br>* '''[[Zenas Baer]]''', {{JD}}, attorney concentrating on Federal Civil Rights Litigation. Hawley, {{USSC|MN}}, USA.<b>0900–0915: Welcome * '''[[Jeannine Parvati Baker]]''', MS, co-founder, Six Directions non-profit educational organisation, author and Opening Remarks• lecturer. Joseph, {{USSC|UT}}, USA.* ''Marilyn Milos '[[Peter Ball]]''', {{MA}}, MB, B.Chir., retired family practitioner, producer and George Williamsdirector, non-surgical foreskin restoration video. Turnbridge Wells, Kent, UK.* '''Gillian A. Bensley'''</b><br>conducted research study for Bachelor of Social Science (Honours) degree in Psychology. {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}, Gold Coast, {{AUSC|QLD}}, Australia.<b>0915–1000: Keynote Address: Ending Enforced Genital Cutting of Children * '''[[Dan Bollinger| Daniel H. Bollinger]], III''', {{BA}}, founder and Violation of Their Human Rights: EthicalDirector, Wabash Men’s Council, {{USSC|IN}}, USA.* '''[[Charles A. Bonner]]''', {{JD}}, civil rights, personal injury, Psychological and Legal Considerations• medical malpractice attorney. Sausalito, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''[[Gregory J. Boyle]]''</b><br>', {{PhD}}, Professor of Psychology, {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}. Gold Coast, {{AUSC|QLD}}, Australia.<b>1000–1115: An Overview • * '''[[Mary Conant]]'''George Williams, Moderator{{RN}}, conscientious objector to circumcision, co-founder, Nurses for the Rights of the Child. Santa Fe, {{USSC|NM}}, USA.* ''</b><br> Historical Revisionism in Recent Medical History: An Exposé and Analysis • '[[Robert Darby]]'Frederick Mansfield Hodges''<br>A Source of Serious Mischief: The Demonisation , {{PhD}}, scholar and editor, researched the history of the Foreskin rise and the Rise decline of Preventive Circumcision routine circumcision in Australiafor his book on the subject. Canberra, {{AUSC|ACT}}, 1880–1930 • Australia.* '''[[Paul M. Fleiss| Paul Fleiss]]'Robert Darby''<br>, {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, paediatrician. Los Angeles, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.Compulsion to Circumcise is Constant* '''Tracey Gemmel''', candidate for Postgraduate Diploma of Professional Psychology, {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}. Gold Coast, {{AUSC|QLD}}, the Reasons Keep Changing • Australia.* '''[[Pia Grassivaro Gallo]]'Michael Katz''<br> , {{PhD}}, associate professor, general biology, Faculty of Psychology, {{UNI|University of Padua|UNIPD}}. Padua, Italy.<b>1115–1130: Break</b><br> * '''[[Yngve Hofvander]]''', paediatrician, Professor, International Child Health, {{UNI|Uppsala University|UU}}, Sweden, consultant to the Swedish International Development Authority, World Health Organization, and [[UNICEF]]. Uppsala, Sweden.<b>1130–1300* '''[[Frederick M. Hodges]]''', {{PhD}} (Oxon), medical historian, co-editor, Male and Female Circumcision: Medical, Legal , and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press 1999). {{UNI|University of Genital Mutilation • Oxford|Oxon}}, Oxford, UK.* '''LeYoni Junos'''George Williams, ModeratorDirector, Amnesty International Bermuda, Bermuda Human Rights Commissioner. Hamilton, Bermuda.* '''Michael Katz'</b><br> '', {{MD}}, Vice President of Research for the March of Dimes. White Plains, {{USSC|NY}}, USA.Comparative Legal Analysis * '''[[Dai Sik Kim]]''', {{PhD}}, Professor, Department of Body Mutilation Practices on Children • Physics, {{UNI|Seoul National University|SNU}}. Seoul, Korea.* '''Sae Chul Kim'''J, {{MD}}, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, {{UNI|Chung Ang University|CAU}}, Seoul, Korea. Steven Svoboda* '''Tina Kimmel''' <br>Equal Protection Case Studies , MSW, {{MPH}}, doctoral candidate in the Scope public health, {{UNI|University of California|UCSF}}, Berkeley, Director, NOCIRC of California – East Bay. Oakland, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''Peter Lawrence''', MS, doctoral candidate, {{UNI|University of Sydney|USYD}}, counsellor,and Limit founder of GenderUNCIRC of Australia in 1994. Sydney, {{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia.* '''Els Leye''', Female Genital Mutilation Project Coordinator, International Centre for Reproductive Health. Ghent, Belgium.* '''[[Hanny Lightfoot-Klein]]''', {{MA}}, cross-Based Discrimination Under State cultural sexologist and Federal Constitutions • clinical supervisor,The American Board of Sexology, author, Prisoners of Ritual: An Odyssey Into Female Genital Mutilation, A Woman’s Odyssey into Africa: Tracks Across a Life, and Genital Surgery and the Rights of Children. Tucson, {{USSC|AZ}}, USA.* '''Linda Massie'Zenas Baer''<br , BSc, PG/> Human Rights Dip, founder and Director, NOCIRC of Children Northern Ireland. Glen gormley, County Antrim, Northern Ireland.* '''Brett McCann''', Counsellor, Sexual Health Clinic, Sydney Hospital, President, Australasian Sexual Health Counsellors Society. Sydney, {{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia.* '''[[Ken McGrath| Kenneth A. McGrath]]''', VRD, {{MS}} (Hons), LIBiol, MNZIMLS, RNZNVR (Rtd), Senior Lecturer in the Pathology, Faculty of Health Studies, {{UNI|Auckland University of Technology|AUT}}. Auckland, New Millennium: Legal Developments in the Fight for Children’s Zealand.* '''[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]]''', {{RN}}, co-founder and Director, NationalOrganization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers(NOCIRC), Coordinator, International Symposia on Genital Integrity Throughout . San Anselmo, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''Pandy S. Ndimwibo''', {{BA}} SWASA, DIP PPM, PGD Counselling,Chairman of the World • Uganda Reproductive Health Bureau. Kampala, Uganda, Africa.* '''Juliana Nkrumah'Charles Bonner''<br /> Doctors, Be Warned! Circumcise Today MS, Community Education and You Could Be Sued Tomorrow! • Development Officer, {{AUSC|NSW}} Education Program on FGM, Ethnic Affairs Commission of {{AUSC|NSW}}, Sydney, {{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia.* '''Myung-Geol Pang'''J, {{PhD}}, GenDix, Co., Korea, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, {{UNI|Seoul National University|SNU}}. Seoul, Korea. Neville Turner* '''Shane Peterson'''<br>, {{PhD}}, International Office for Men’s Health and Gender Studies, School of Nursing and Public Health, {{UNI|Edith Cowan University|ECU}}. Canberra, {{AUSC|ACT}}, Australia.<b>1300–1430: Lunch</b> <br>* '''Royal Phillips''', CBE, international childbirth instructor, columnist, Montecito Journal. Santa Barbara, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.<b>1430–1600: Religious Considerations • * '''Samuel M. Ramos'''Tina Kimmelconducted research study for Bachelor of Social Science (Honours) degree in Psychology at {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}. Gold Coast, {{AUSC|QLD}}, ModeratorAustralia.* ''</b> <br>An Epistolary Debate with David Ben Gurion About Jewish Circumcision: The Psychoanalytic Outlook • 'Samuel Richmond'Moisés Tractenberg''<br>, {{BA}}, MLS, librarian and Director, NOCIRC of California - Irvine. Irvine, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.Attitude* '''William Sides''', Managing Director of Sides Engineering, developed the “Pill Tube” foreskin restoration method. Wheelers Hill, Knowledge{{AUSC|VIC}}, and Change Among Israeli Jewish Students Regarding Male Genital Mutilation • Australia.* '''[[Morris L. Sorrells]]'''Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin, Avraham Kahana{{MD}}, retired paediatrician, consultant. Atherton, {{USSC|CA}}, Ronit Tamir Bris ShalemUSA.* '''[[J. Steven Svoboda]]''': <br>Toward a Covenant , {{JD}}, founder and Director, Attorneys for the Rights of Wholeness • the Child (ARC), Berkeley, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''Moisés Tractenberg'Samuel Richmond''<br> Limitations to Practices , {{MD}}, psychoanalyst, author, Director, NOCIRC of a Belief or Religion in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.* '''[[John W. Travis]]''', {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, founder and co-director, Wellness Associates, author, Wellness Inventory and the Wellness Workbook, co-founder, [[International Human Rights Law – Case Study: Coalition for Genital Mutilation in Integrity]], co-founder, Alliance for Transforming the Judaic Tradition • Lives of Children. East Gipsland, {{AUSC|VIC}}, Australia.* ''LeYoni Junos'[[J. Neville Turner]]'''<br>, LLB (Hons), {{BA}}, barrister and solicitor, authored six books and numerous articles on child and family law, board member and former president of Oz Child. Melbourne, {{AUSC|VIC}}, Australia.<b>1600–1615: Break</b><br>* '''Franco Viviani''', {{PhD}}, professor, physical education, cultural anthropology, and general biology, {{UNI|University of Padua|UNIPD}}. Padua, Italy.<b>1615–1700: Breaking Through Medical * '''[[Shelton Walden| Shelton Harrison Walden]]''', {{BA}}, Executive Producer and Media Bias• host, Walden’s Pond, WBAI radio, teacher, High School for Environmental Studies. New York, {{USSC|NY}}, USA.* '''[[John Warren]]'Tina Kimmel'', MB, DCH, FRCP, founder and Director, National Organization of Restoring Men (NORM-UK), Director, NOCIRC of UK. Harlow, Essex, ModeratorUK.* '''Norma Wilcox'''<, {{RN}}, MS, Director, Urological/b><br>GynecologicalTeaching Associate Programs, {{UNI|Stanford University|SU}} and {{UNI|University of California|UCSF}}/San Francisco Schools of Medicine and Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine. San Francisco, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.The White Coat * '''[[George L. Williams| George Williams]]''', {{MBChB}}, {{FRACP}}, consultant paediatrician/perinatologist, founder and Director, NOCIRC of Silence: How to Create Change in Medical School Curricula Australia. Menai, {{AUSC|NSW}}, Australia.* '''[[Hugh Young]]''', BSc, journalist and radio producer, Auckland, Whangarei, Honiara (Solomon Islands), Gisborne, and Wellington. Pukerua Bay, Aotearoa, New Zealand.* '''Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin''', {{PhD}}, '''Avraham Kahana''', and Survive Physician Opposition • ''Norma Wilcox'Ronit Tamir'''<br>, members, The Struggle for Media Access and International Recognition • Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation. '''Shelton Harrison WaldenAvshalom Zoossmann-Diskin'''<br><b>1700–1730: Discussion</b>, {{PhD}}, currently a medical student in Australia is Director, The Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation. Sturt, {{AUSC|SA}}, Australia.

<center><big>Friday== Proceedings ===== Program ======= Thursday, 8 7 December</big></center>====* '''Welcome and Opening Remarks''': ''[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]] and George Williams''

0800–0900: Registration<br>0900–1115: International News • '* 'Peter Ball, Moderator''<br>A Review of Circumcision in New Zealand[https: “I never liked doing them and I was pleased to give it up//books.”• ''Hugh Young and Kenneth Agoogle. McGrath''<br>Circumcision Rates in UK Males • ''John Warren''Prevention of Genital Mutilation: A Community Research and Development Project in Northern Ireland • ''Linda Massie'' <br>com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=K6Ho2pAV35sC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Circumcision +of +Boys +in +Sweden: +Proposal +for +Government +Regulation • &ots=OKGI_TmK7j&sig=Z11KSVssC6yp6q8LQkeKxCI3er4#v=onepage&q=Circumcision%20of%20Boys%20in%20Sweden%3A%20Proposal%20for%20Government%20Regulation&f=false Keynote Address: Ending Enforced Genital Cutting of Children and Violation of Their Human Rights: Ethical, Psychological and Legal Considerations]''Yngve Hofvander'' <br>Prince for a Day: The Sumbawa Circumcision Ritual• ''Royal Phillips[[Gregory J. Boyle]]'' <br>Discussion <br><b>1115–1130: Break</b>

* '''An Overview''': ''George Williams, Moderator'':* Historical Revisionism in Recent Medical History: An Exposé and Analysis:: ''[[Frederick M. Hodges]]'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_10 A Source of Serious Mischief: The Demonisation of the Foreskin and the Rise of Preventive Circumcision in Australia], 1880–1930:: ''[[Robert Darby]]'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_3 Compulsion to Circumcise is Constant, the Reasons Keep Changing]:: ''Michael Katz'' * '''Legal and Ethical Considerations of Genital Mutilation''': ''George Williams, Moderator'':* [https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Limits-of-the-Law-Comparative-Analysis-of-Legal-and-Extralegal-Methods.pdf Comparative Legal Analysis of Body Mutilation Practices on Children]:: ''[[J. Steven Svoboda]]'':* Equal Protection Case Studies in the Scope and Limit of Gender-Based Discrimination Under State and Federal Constitutions:: ''[[Zenas Baer]]'':* Human Rights of Children in the New Millennium: Legal Developments in the Fight for Children’s Genital Integrity Throughout the World:: ''[[Charles A. Bonner]]'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_16 Doctors, Be Warned! Circumcise Today and You Could Be Sued Tomorrow!]:: ''[[J. Neville Turner]]'' * '''Religious Considerations''': ''Tina Kimmel, Moderator'':* An Epistolary Debate with David Ben Gurion About Jewish Circumcision: The Psychoanalytic Outlook:: ''Moisés Tractenberg'':* Attitude, Knowledge, and Change Among Israeli Jewish Students Regarding Male Genital Mutilation:: ''Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin, Avraham Kahana, Ronit Tamir:* Bris Shalem: Toward a Covenant of Wholeness:: ''Samuel Richmond'':* Limitations to Practices of a Belief or Religion in International Human Rights Law – Case Study: Genital Mutilation in the Judaic Tradition:: ''LeYoni Junos'' * '''Breaking Through Medical and Media Bias''': ''Tina Kimmel, Moderator'':* The White Coat of Silence: How to Create Change in Medical School Curricula and Survive Physician Opposition:: ''Norma Wilcox'':* The Struggle for Media Access and International Recognition:: ''Shelton Harrison Walden'' ==== Friday, 8 December ==== * '''International News''': ''Peter Ball, Moderator'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_8 A Review of Circumcision in New Zealand: “I never liked doing them and I was pleased to give it up.]:: ''Hugh Young and Kenneth A. McGrath'':* Circumcision Rates in UK Males:: ''John Warren'':* Prevention of Genital Mutilation: A Community Research and Development Project in Northern Ireland:: ''Linda Massie'':* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_9 Circumcision of Boys in Sweden: Proposal for Government Regulation]:: ''Yngve Hofvander'':* Prince for a Day: The Sumbawa Circumcision Ritual:: ''Royal Phillips'' * '''Female Genital Mutilation''': ''Juliana Nkrumah, Moderator'':* FGM: Getting the Debate Happening at the Grassroots – The Australian Experience:: ''Juliana Nkrumah'':* Egyptian Intellectuals and Genital Integrity:: ''Seham Abd el Salam Mohammed'':* Female Circumcision: Its Effects on the Reproductive Health of Adolescents:: ''Pandy Ndimwibo'':* The Struggle Against Female Genital Mutilation/Female Circumcision: The European Experience:: ''Els Leye'':* Sunna Budnin: An Alternative Ritual to [[Infibulation]], Invented and Carried Out in the Merka District, Somalia:: ''[[Pia Grassivaro Gallo]] and [[Franco Viviani]]'':* Genital Mutilation of Children: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going?:: ''[[Hanny Lightfoot-Klein]]'' * '''International Symposia on Genital Integrity Award Presentations''': ''[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], Moderator'' * '''Address of the Recipient of the Human Rights Award: Over 100% Circumcision Rate: The Short and Bizarre History of South Korean Circumcision''': ''[[Dai Sik Kim]], Myung-Geol Pang, Sae Chul Kim'' ====Saturday, 9 December= Sponsor === * '''Psychological Aspects of Genital Mutilation''': ''[[Gregory J. Boyle]], Moderator'':* [[Sigmund Freud]], Male Circumcision and the Mind: A Psychoanalytic Review:: ''George Williams'':* [https://www.academia.edu/download/37247516/Bensley___Boyle_2001.pdf Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Impact of Male Infant Circumcision: An Exploratory Study]:: ''Gillian A. Bensley and [[Gregory J. Boyle]]'':* [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gregory_J_Boyle/publication/300649321_Neonatal_Circumcision/links/57d6459c08ae601b39aa7566/Neonatal-Circumcision.pdf Neonatal Circumcision: Long-Term Harmful Effects]:: ''Tracey Gemmel and [[Gregory J. Boyle]]'':* [https://www.academia.edu/download/50977307/Ritual_and_Medical_Circumcision_Ramos___Boyle__2000.pdf Ritual and Medical Circumcision Among Filipino Boys: Evidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder]:: ''Samuel M. Ramos and [[Gregory J. Boyle]]'':* Counselling Approaches for Acute Post-Circumcision Stress Disorder: A Case Study:: ''Brett McCann and Peter Lawrence'':* How to Respond to the Doctor Who Says You Must Circumcise Your Son:: ''Paul Fleiss'' * '''What Exactly Is Lost With Genital Cutting?''': ''[[Morris L. Sorrells]], Moderator'':* Separation of the Two Sensory Platforms of the Human Penis:: ''Kenneth A. McGrath'':* A Novel Research Study in Assessing Penile Sensitivity/Insensitivity Without a Measuring Device:: ''Peter Lawrence'':* Touch-Test Sensory Evaluation Research: Preliminary Findings:: ''[[Morris L. Sorrells]] and Tina Kimmel'' * '''Addressing the Wounds''': ''Peter Ball, Moderator'':* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/29e0/ad6bc872b166a8b8b928f3500a999950c2ce.pdf Assaulted and Mutilated: A Personal Account of Circumcision Trauma]:: ''Shane Peterson'' * '''Concurrent Session A: Male Genital Mutilation and Foreskin Restoration''': ''Peter Ball, Moderator'':* Circumcision: A Festering Wound:: ''Daniel H. Bollinger, III'':* Current Foreskin Restoration Practices in Australi:: ''John M. Aldous'':* A report on the evolution and growth of foreskin restoration in Sydney Australia, since 1994:: ''Peter Lawrence'':* Doctors, File Information, and Activists Can be Worse than the Circumciser’s Knife:: ''William Sides'':* Foreskin Restoration: a video:: ''Peter Ball'' * '''Concurrent Session B: The Role of Women in Ending Genital Mutilation''': ''[[Jeannine Parvati Baker]], [[Mary Conant]], Linda Massie, [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], Moderators'' * '''Closing Keynote Address: Circumcision as a Part of the Normative Abuse of Children: Essentials for Transforming the Lives of Children''': ''[[John W. Travis]]'' * '''Closing''': ''[[Jeannine Parvati Baker]]'' {{PUB}}The proceedings are published in* {{REFbook |year=2001 |title=Understanding Circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem |url=https://www.springer.com/de/book/9780306467011 |editor=[[George C. Denniston]], [[Frederick M. Hodges]], and [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]] |publisher=Springer (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press) |isbn=978-1-4419-3375-1 |accessdate=2019-12-31}} == Symposium was sponsored by the organizers ==* [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, [http://www.nocirc.org National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers]* Dr. George Williams, NOCIRC of Australia* Dr. [[Gregory J. Boyle]], {{UNI|Bond University|BOND}}* Dr. [[Frederick M. Hodges]], Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, {{UNI|University of Oxford|Oxon}}.

* [[First {{List of International Symposium]]Symposiums}} {{LINKS}}* [[Second International http://gaamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/symposium.pdf Official Symposium]Brochure]* [[Third International Symposium]]* [[Fourth International Symposium]]{{ABBR}}<!--{{REF}}-->* [[Fifth International Symposium]]